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CONTAINING REPORTS OF CHANCELLOR AJifD IPHOfSESSORS: 



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HIS Excellency, the GOVERNOR OF THE STATE, Ex-officio President. 
HO]!^. JAMES M. HOWRY, Secretary and Treasurer. 

— 

Hon, James M. Howry, Oxford. 

Hon. James Brown, Oxford. 

Hon. George H. Young, Waverly. 

Hon. Alex. M. Clayton, Marshall county. 

Hon. Charles Clark, Bolivar county, 

Hon. Thomas E. B. Pegues, Oxford. 

Hon. Giles M. Hillyer, Vicksburg. 

Hon. Edward C. Walthall, Coffee ville. 

Hon. Robert A. Hill, , LaFayette county. 

Hon. William Yerger, Jackson. 

Hon. a. M. West, Oxford. 

Hon. John Duncan, Jackson. 



^ ^s^ >!i >ii ^< jK ;}c ?J< jK ^ i|c 

Mr. West offered the following, v/hich was adopted : 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the President 
to examine, with reference to publishing the same, the Reports of 
Professors, ^d the action of the present Board, as also the Reports of 
and action of the Board at the Adjourned Meeting in September. And 
the Secretary and Treasurer is hereby directed to have printed in pam- 
phlet forA, so much thereof as they may recommend, after the adjourn- 
ment of said September meeting. 

And Messrs. Duncan, Hilly er and Brown were appointed said Com- 
mittee. 



University of Mississippi, | 
Oxford, Sept. 24, 1869. j 

Hon. James M. Howry, Secretary and Treasurer — 

Sir: — I am instructed by the committee, appointed under the above 
resolution, to recommend that three hundred and fifty (350) copies of 
the journal of the acts of the Board of Trustees at the June and Sep- 
tember meetings, with an appendix containing the Reports of the Pro- 
fessors, be printed in pamphlet form, for the use of the members of 
the Board. 

Very Respectfully, 

Your ob't. Serv't, 

JOHN DUNCAN, 

Chm'n Com't. 



Itttttlltif. 



-0 — 0- 



The Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi met at 
Oxford, on Thursday the 17th June, 1869. 

There were present, James M. Howry, Secretary and Treasurer, 
Messrs. James Brown, T. E. B. Pegues, and E. A. Hill. A quorum 
not being present, 

On motion of Mr. 'Pegues, adjourned till 4 p. m. to-morrow. 



Friday, June 18. 

Board met, Present, J. M. Howry, Secretary and Treasurer, Messrs. 
Clark, Brown, Pegues, Hill, Hillyer and Clayton. 

His Excellency, the Governor of the State and ex-officio President 
of the Board, being absent. 

On motion of Mr. Hill, Ex-Governor Charles Clark was chosen 
President pro tempore. 

Gen. A. M. West, appointed by His Excellency, the Governor of the 
State, a Trustee to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Rev. D. 
P. Bestor, D. D. , appeared, presented his credentials and took his seat 
as a member of the Board. 

The Secretary and Treasurer presented his annual account of receipts 
and disbursements for the last fiscal year. (See Appendix No. 1.) 

Which, on his motion, was received, ordered to be spread upon the 
minutes, and referred to a committee of two, to report thereon. 

The President appointed Mr. West and Mr. Hillyer saM committee. 

The Chancellor of the University appeared before the Board and 
submitted his annual report, which was read, and the different subjects 
therein mentioned, were referred to appropriate committees. (See Ap- 
pendix No. 2.) 

On motion of Mr. West, it was 

Resolved, That the Chancellor of the University be, and he is hereby 
authorized to visit as many of the Colleges and Universities, both North 
and South, as can be reached within the ensuing vacation, with a view 
to obtain by personal visits to their faculties, ail the information that 
may be made valuable to our University ; and that the several Pro- 
fessors are hereby requested to use their time during vacation in writing 



[6] 

to, and visiting their friends and acquaintances in the States of Missis- 
sippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas, with the 
view of increasing the number of pupils. 

Resolved, That their necessary traveling expenses shall be paid by 
the Treasurer, when approved by the Executive Committee, whose ap- 
proval shall not be given, however, until the expense account shall be 
made out in a business like manner, and certified to by each Professor. 

On motion of Mr. Hillyer 

The Board proceeded to the election of officers for the ensuing year, 
by ballot, and on counting out the votes it appeared that James M. 
Howry was duly elected Secretary and Treasurer, and that James 
Brown, T. E. B. Pegues and E. A. Hill were elected the Executive 
Committee. 

On motion of Mr. West, it was. 
Resolved, That the Executive Committee be authorized to have erec- 
ted a carpenter's shop, and a suitable building for a residence for the 
carpenter; an J to have such repairs mad^ on the dormitories, and 
other buildings as they may deem necessary. The Treasurer shall pay 
the cost of the said buildings and repairs, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated. 

The credentials of Col. John Duncan, appointed a member of this 
Board, by His excellency, the Governor, to fill the vacancy occasioned 
by the death of Ex-Governor John J. McKae, were presented, and 
ordered to be filed, and Col. Duncan being present, took his seat as a 
member of the Board. 

The death of Rev. D. P. Bestor, D. D. , was announced to the Board, 
and on motion of Mr. Hillyer, it was 

Resolved, That a committee of two be appointed to report a minute 
for entry on our journal in relation to the life and character of the late 
Dr. Bestor. 

Said resolution w^as adopted, and the Pre^dent appointed Messrs. 
Duncan and Clayton said committee, and on motion of Mr. Clayton, 
the President was added. 

The folio^^ng communication was received from the Chancellor and 
read by the Secretary : 

University of Mississippi, June 22, 1869. 
To the Hon. the Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi : — 

Gentlemen : As I learn that a portion of the speeches delivered 
on yesterday, during the Declamation of the Prize Speeches, was re- 
ceived with great disapprobation (and very justly so in my judgment,) I 
have thought it my duty to present to your Honorable Body the follow- 
ing Resolution, which was adopted on the 15th of May, 1867, by the 
Fac,ulty of the "diversity. 

Prof. Shoup offered the following resolution : 

Resolved, That no student shall be allowed to introduce any cotem- 



[7] 

poraneous political or controversial religious matter, in any speech or 
essay, for public exhibition in the University. Adopted. 

My object in presenting the above, is to furnish the Trustees with the 
necessary information to show that the Faculty as a body, are not to be 
held responsible for any violation of the proper regards for propriety 
which have occurred in the speeches delivered on yesterday. 

JOHN N. WADDEL,. 

Chancellor, &c. 

Whereupon Mr. Duncan offered the following preamble and reso- 
lution : 

Wheeeas, a declamation delivered by one of the students of the 
Sophomore Class at the exercises on yesterday, entitled "Teachings of 
Congress," has been the subject of considerable remark : Therefore, 

Resolved, That a copy of said declamation be furnished by the proper 
department, for the information, and if need be, the action of this Board. 
Said preamble and resolution were adopted. 

Mr. Duncan, from the committee appointed to prepare a suitable 

minute in memoriam of the late Dr. Bestor, submitted the following : 

Since our last meeting it has seemed good to Divine Providence to 
remove from this scene of his labors and of his usefulness, the Rev. D. 
P. Bestor, D. D., one our most valuable members. His relations to 
the University were of the most valuable character. Active and earn- 
est in his efforts in its behalf — full of zeal and devotion to its interest — 
anxious to promote its prosperity, and to diffuse its benefits, he was a 
most efficient coadjutor in all plans for its advancement; himself an 
experienced and able educator, his counsels were of inestimable value 
in all w^hich regarded the practical woi^kings of our beloved University. 

His enlarged benevolence led him to engage earnestly in all works 
calculated to do good to his fellow men, and to dedicate his life to their 
spiritual and temporal improvement. His exertions in behalf of those 
made orphans by the fortunes of the late disastrous war, were w^orthy 
of all praise, and contributed much to the success of that beneficient 
undertaking. 

We feel deeply and sincerely the loss which his death has entailed on 
this Institution, and can only attest that feeling by placing it upon the 
record of our proceedings. 

Be it therefore Resolved, That w^e put this brief recital of his virtues on 
our minutes, in attestation of our appreciation of his excellence as a 
man, and of his worth as one oi our body. 

Resolved, That we will wear the usual badge of mourning, for hisloss, 
for the next thirty days. 

Resolved, That the Secretary be requested to transmit a copy of these 
resolutions to his family, as a testimonial of our sympathy in their be- 
reavement, and of our desire to assuage the pang of grief for the loss of 
one who did so much to relieve the sufferings of his fellow-beings. 

Resolved, That the Oxford, Columbus and Jackson papers be requested 
to publish these proceedings and resolutions. 

Said preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted. 



[8] 

Mr. Hillyer, from the Committee on the Treasurer's Account, made 
the following 

The Committee to whom the accounts of J. M. Howry, Secretary and 
Treasurer, were referred, beg leave to report : 

That they have carefully examined the same, and find that every item 
of charge is duly supported by a regular voucher. 

The whole amount received by him, in the past year, including the 
sum of fifteen thousand one hundred and eighty-seven dollars and 
seventy-nine cents, in Auditor's State Warrants, remaining in his hands 
at the last settlement of his account, in June 1868, is sixty thousand 
three hundred and six dollars and forty-seven cents. 

Amount of disbursements, during the same period, was thirty-seven 
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven dollars and eighty-three cents — 
leaving a balance in his hands, at this date, of twenty-two thousand four 
hundred and fifty-eight dollars and sixty-three cents, of which fourteen 
thousand five hundred dollars are in Auditor's State Warrants. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

A. M. WEST, 
GILES M. HILLYER. 

Said report was received and concurred in. 

On motion by Mr. Clayton, it was 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the Chair, of 
which the President pro tern, shall be a member, whose duty it shall be 
to acquire, by correspondence or by personal examination, all accessible 
information in regard to the present modes of instruction and tuition in 
the leading Educational Institutions of this country, and that said com- 
mittee have power to report to a special meeting of this Board, as pre- 
paratory to the adoption of a new curriculum of studies in this Institu- 
tion, or as a modification of the present system. 

The President appointed Messrs. Clayton and Pegues said committee; 
and, on motion, Mr. Hillyer was added. 

On motion of Mr. West, it was 

Resolved, That the necessary traveling expenses attendiug the execu- 
tion of the foregoing resolution, shall be paid by the Treasurer, out of 
any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. 

Mr. Pegues, from the Committee on Discipline, made the following 

The Committee to whom was referred that portion of the Chancellor's 
report relating to Discipline, beg lepvve to recommend the following 
changes in the laws of the University, viz : 

Article 23, of Chapter 1, on page 6, after the word ''assess," in line 
second, insert the word "weekly." 

Chapter 5, Article 1, page 9, strike out ''fourth," and substitute 
''second." And in Article 3, line second, for "$15," say "$18." 

The Committee recommend the passage of the following resolution : 

Resolved, That the Chancellor of the University be earnestly requested 



[9] 

to see that the laws of the University be strictly enforced, both with 
re^gard to the Professors and Students. 

Respectfully submitted. A. M. WEST, Ch'm. 

Said report was adopted. 

The Secretary presented a communication from the Chancellor, ac- 
companied with a copy of the speech of one of the prize speakers on 
Monday, and in accordance with a resolution of the Bqard ; which was 
read, and, on motion of Mr. Duncan, 

Was referred to a committee of three, to report thereon. 

The President appointed Messrs. Duncan, Hill, and Walthall, said 
committee. 

On motion by Mr. Walthall, 

Besolved, That the Secretary be instructed to have published, in 
pamphlet form, one thousand copies of Hon. W. P. Harris' Address to 
the Law Class. 

Mr. Howry submitted the following, which was adopted : 

Satisfactory evidence having been communicated to the Board, through 
the report of the Chancellor, that the following named gentlemen are 
entitled to the degree of Bachelor of Arts, to-wit : 

Frank Archelaus Critz, LaFayette Graves Durr, Z. Butler Graves, 
James Maury Harding, Milton Calhoun Hutton, Thomas Chalmers 
Johnson, James Andrew Mecklin, William Calvin Wells, John Whit- 
field Shields, Robert Henry Thompson, James Tickel Downs, Robert 
Burwell Fulton, Luman Sumpter Handley, Franklin Merriam Howel], 
Jno. Joseph Angus Johnson, Wm. Schenck Johnson, Robert^. Miller, 
Saml. Wilds Evans Pegues, Jno. Thompson Stevenson, Alston Madden 
West, 

It is therefore ordered by the Board, that the Degree of Bachelor of 
Arts be and the same is hereby conferred on the aforesaid young gentle- 
men ; and the Chancellor is hereby directed to deliver to them their 
Diplomas, on Commencement Day : provided they have complied with 
the laws. 

And satisfactory evidence having been furnished, through the Chan- 
cellor, that the following named gentlemen are entitled to the Degree of 
Bachelor of Law, the same is hereby conferred upon them, and the 
Chancellor is hereby directed to deliver to them their Diplomas on Com- 
mencement Day, they having complied with the laws, to-wit : 

Harris Parke Branham, Jno. Yi. Thompson Falkner, Wm. Richard 
Barnaby Hatter, Green Barclay Huddleston, Jas. Franklin McCool, 
Thomas Joiner McFarland, Charles Edward Pegues, Wm. Henry Rees, 
Picket Leake Strickland, James Lawrence Young, George Franklin F. 
Thomas. 

Upon the recommendation of the Faculty, the following Degrees 
were conferred by the Board : 

The Degree of Master of Arts, on Thomas S. Gathright, Rev. Rufus 
W. Shive, and George Edward Critz. 

I^Ir. Clayton offered the following resolution, which was adopted : 
2 



[10] 

Resolved, That the whole of Chapter IX of the laws of the Univer- 
sity of Mississippi, in regard to free Students, be stricken out and re- 
pealed ; provided, that its repeal shall not apply to any Student now 
connected with the University. 

Mr. Howry offered the following : 

Whereas, From some cause unknown to the Board, the committees 
heretofore appointed to report resolutions in memory of the late Hon. 
C. Pinckney Smith and Hon. Isaac N. Davis, formerly members of this 
Board, have not been able to make a report ; therefore 

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to prepare a minute 
and resolutions pertaining to the life and services of Judge Smith and 
Major Davis, and to make report at the next regular meeting of the 
Board. 

Said preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted. 

And thereupon, the President appointed Messrs. Yerger, Clayton, 
Pegues, Duncan, and Hillyer said committee. 

Mr. Pegues, from the Committee on Mess Halls and Servants, made 

the following 

MEPOKT s 

The Committee to whom were referred so much of the Chancellor's 
report as relates to Mess Halls and Servants, submit the following : 

In the first place, the system of labor which has subsisted in and 
about the public buildings of the University, is reprehensible on several 
accounts. It costs the Students more than it is worth. It is corrupting 
the servitude of the whole community, in this, that it offers a reward 
for idleness. Servants who realize thirty dollars per month, are idling 
about the campus at all hours of the day. They have been responsible 
to no one, and their presence has frequently proved to be an annoyance. 
We recommend an entire change, and suggest that no servant shall here- 
after be employed in or about the public buildings, except by the Ex- 
ecutive Committee, or their agent, who shall assign him his duties, and 
see that he properly discharges them. No mo.-e shall be employed than 
may be necessary to give proper attention to the Students and to the 
public rooms. The Students shall not have any control over them what- 
ever, or right to assign them to any duty other than those assigned by 
the Executive Committee or their agent, without their assent. 

The redress of the Students for inattention of servants, should be in 
complaint to the Executive Committee or their agent or other officer. 

In the second place, we think the system of messhig within the Halls 
of the University, should be abated. At the time of its introduction 
when there was less money in the country, it was perhaps necessary, but 
now it cannot be so, and we think a Mess Hall, under the general su- 
perintendence of the Executive Committee or their officer, may be es- 
tablished and so managed as to spread a better table than is now done 
in any of the mess rooms, and at a cheaper rate. If the Board think 
favorably, we are prepared to enter into a verbal detail. Otherwise we 
recommend, that in consideration of the use of the Steward's Hall and 
adjacent grounds free from rent, the Steward be required to furnish 



[11] 

board at $15 per month, and that such Students as may not be satisfied 
with tlie Hall, be permitted to board in any respectable family, in the 
vicinity. 

We have not time to enter further into the discussion of this subject 
in the present report, but we hope that its importance willl secure for it 
the full consideration of the Board. 

Respectfully submitted, 

T. E. B. PEGUES, Ch'n. 

Mr. Duncan, from the committee on an address delivered for the 
Sophomore prize, made the following report : 

3Ir. President: The committee to whom was i-eferred the address en- 
titled Teachings of Congress, and declaimed by a member of the Sopho- 
more Class, in the University Chapel, on Monday last, and to which the 
attention of the Board has been called by the Chancellor in his commu- 
nication of the 22d instant, beg lea^ie most respectfully to report : 

That they have examined the composition in question, and have no 
hesitation in declaring it to be one of a nature entirely unfit to be ad- 
dressed to a refined and intelligent audience, such as was on that occa- 
sion assembled in the Chapel of the University. 

Its character, too, is in direct violation of a resolution passed, as we 
learn by the communication of the Chancellor, by the Faculty, which 
prohibits the introduction of any political or controversial religious mat- 
ter in any speech or essay for public exhibition. 

We, therefore, respectfully recommend the adoption of the following ; 

Resolved, That the Board hereby express their disapprobation of the 
address entitled "Teachings of Congress," recently delivered in the 
University Chapel, by a member of the Sophomore Class, and their deep 
regret that such a speech should have been delivered on the occasion. 

Resolved, That this was a palpable violation of an important rule of 
the Faculty, and which the Board trusts may not be repeated. 

Resolved, That ihe Secretary be requested to furnish the Chancellor 
with a copy of this report. ^ 

Respectfi^^ submitted, 

JOHN DUNCAN, 
E. A. HILL, 

Committee. 

Said report was received and adopted, Mr. Walthall, at his own re- 
quest, having been previously excused from serving on the committee. 
Mr. Hillyer ofifered the following, which was adopted : 

The Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi acknowledge, 
with great pleasure, the sustaining hand of the State authorities in their 
liberal appropriations heretofore made by the Legislature, and the 
prompt issuance of the warrants in conformity therewith. 

They feel that they can assure the public that the same wise and 
liberal course will still be pursued in the future. 

The appropriations heretofore made enable the University to be car- 
ried on with vigor and success. And the Board tender their asknow- 



[12] 

ledgments to the acting Governor of the State for his assurance that 
the regular requisitions made by legislative authority will promptly be 
carried out by him. 

Mr. Hill submitted the following report : 

Your committee, to whom was assigned the duty of having the Uni- 
versity Library re-adjusted, and a new catalogue made, have attended 
to that duty by requesting Col. Hillyer, of our Board, to perform that 
service ; who faithfully, and in a manner highly commendable, made 
a complete re-adjustment of the library, and a new catalogue, which re- 
quired considerable time and labor, for which we agreed to pay him the 
sum of one hundred dollars, believing that to be a very low compensa- 
tion. 

We refer you to the catalogue prepared by him as a part of this re- 
port, and recommend that five hundred copies thereof be printed for the 
use of the University. 

Respectfully submitted, 

R. A. HILL, 
J. M. HOWRY, 

Committee. 

Said report was received and adopted. (See Appendix No. 3.) 
On motion of Mr. West, 

Resolved, That the Secretary is hereby directed to furnish to each 
member of the Board, not present during the present session, a copy of 
all important* reports of committees and resolutions adopted. 
On motion by Mr. Pegues, 

Resolved, That the sum of one hundred dollars be placed in the hands 
of Dr. Hiigard, Professor of Chemistry, to furnish the Laboratory with 
such chemicals and glass-ware, and other necessary articles as may be 
required ; an account of which shall be rendered, with the proper vouch- 
ers, to the Executive Committee. 

Resolved, That the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars be appropri- 
ated for the purchase of books for the Chemical Library, and that the 
same be expended under thv direction and advice of the Professor of 
Chemistry. 

Mr. Duncan ofiered the following : 

Resolved, That five hundred copies of the proceedings of the present 
session be printed in pamphlet form, for the use of the members of the 
Board. 

The adoption of which was advocated by Mr. West and Mr. Duncan, 
and opposed by Mr. Brown, Mr. Walthall, and others. The resolution, 
at the request of a member, was withdrawn. 

Mr. West offered the following : 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the President to 
examine, with reference to publishing the san.e, the Reports of Pro- 
fessors, and the action of the present Board. As also the Reports and 
and action of the Board at the adjourned meeting in September; and 
that the Secretary and Treasurer is hereby directed to have printed, in 



[ 13 ] 

pamphlet form, so much thereof as they may recommend, after the 
adjournment of said September meeting. Adopted ; and Messrs. Dun- 
can, Hillyer and Brown appointed said committee. 

The Board adjourned till Tuesday, 21st September, 1869. 

Extracts from the Proceedings of the Board, at the September meeting, 1869: 

The Chancellor of the University appeared before the Board and read 
a report embracing the general results of his obversation during his re- 
cent visits to various Colleges and Universities, under the order of the 
Board in June last ; which, on motion of Mr. West, was received ; and 
after considerable discussion thereon, was laid on the table for further 
consideration. (See Appendix No. 4.) 

A partial report from Hon. A. M. Clayton, as chairman of the com- 
mittee appointed at the last regular meeting of the Board on a change 
of the curriculum, was presented and read, and, on motion, laid on the 
table. (See Appendix No. 5.) 
On motion of Mr. Brown, 

The Board proceeded to the election of an additional Professor, which 
resulted in the unanimous choice of Prof. W. S. Wyman, of Tuscaloosa, 
Alabama. 

The assignment of his special duties is to be made by the Chancellor 
whenever he reports for duty : And that his salary shall commence at 
that time. 

Mr. Pegu£s, from the Executive Committee, submitted a report on 
the improvements of the University buildings, wliich was received, and 
on his motion, referred to a committee of three. 

The President appointed Messrs. West, Duncan, and Walthall, said 
committee, and to which the President pro tern, was added. 

The resignation of Prof. Shoup was presented by the Executive Com- 
mittee, and, on motion of Mr. Hill, the same w^as accepted. 

Mr. Clark, (Mr. Hill in the Chair,) submittted the following resolu- 
tions : 

1st. Resolved, That the duties of vacant Chairs in the Faculty, and 
the studies unassigned, shall be assigned, by the Chancellor, to such 
members of the Faculty as he may choose ; and in case the duties im- 
posed upon any Chair becoming onerous, that the Professor may ap- 
point, with the approbation of the Chancellor, a Tutor as assistant; who 
shall hold his office during pleasure of such Professor, and receive from 
the Treasury, as compensation, eighty dollars per month. The whole 
number of Tutors shall not exceed two, unless by order of the Execu- 
tive Committee, and they shall, if practicable, be selected from the 
alumni of the University. 

2nd. Resolved, That a special meeting of the Board be held on Tues- 
day after the Third Monday of March next, unless the Legislature be 



[ 14 ] _ 

in the meantime ordered to convene, and in that case the meeting shall 
be at Jackson, on the first Monday after the day of the meeting of the 
Legislature. 

3rd. Besolved, That the subject of change of the curriculum, and the 
establishment of scientific schools, be postponed until the next meeting 
of the Board, and that the Faculty be requested to consider the subject 
and report to the Board their views collectively or individually ; and 
especially that they make a detailed report of the course of study in the 
curriculum, indicating the required and the elective studies, and the 
studies that shall be those of the special or scientific schools, elective or 
compulsory, and the proper organization of the Faculty in reference to 
such proposed changes. That the Faculty be requested to give their 
advice as to the details of such proposed re-organization of the University, 
so as to introduce special scientific schools, whether they approve of such 
re-organization or not, it being the opinion of the Board that the neces- 
sity for such re-organization exists. 

Said resolutions were adopted. 

On motion of Mr. West, 

Besolved, That the report of J. N. Waddel, Chancellor, of the 22nd 
September, 1869, is able, instructive, and comprehensive, and furnishes 
evidence of an efticient and faithful discharge of the responsible duties 
of his mission. 

Resolved, That the sum of three hundred dollars be paid by the 
Treasurer to the Chancellor, to cover his expenses while in the service 
of the University during vacation. 

On motion of Mr. Pegues, 

Resolved, That the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees be 
authorized to employ Col. James Brown as Superintendent of buildings 
and improvements so long as they consider his services necessary ; and 
that the compensation be fixed at the sum of one hundred dollars per 
month, — said salary to commence on and from the first of July last, and 
in addition to his necessary traveling expenses. 

Mr. Howry offered the following resolution : 

Resolved, That a committee be appointed to report to the Board a 
plan or system to carry on the boarding department at the Steward's 
Hall — the design being to board the students at the cheapest rate, by em- 
ploying a steward to purchase and prepare provisions for them — they 
furnishing the means to carry on the establishment. 

Mr. Duncan, offered the following amendment; 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to report to the 
Board a proper mode of receiving and disbursing the moneys connected 
with the Steward's Hall. 

Said resolutions were both referred to a committee, consisting of Mr. 

Clarke, (Mr. Hill in the Chair,) Messrs. Duncan, West, and Pegues. 

On motion of Mr. West, 

Resolved, That in all cases for the payment of money on accounts and 
contracts, by the Executive Committee, the account made out in proper 



[15] 

form, and examined and allowed by said Committee, shall be a voucher 
for the Treasurer in his settlement with the Board, and the rule requiring 
the Executive Committee to make out an annual account of drafts issued 
on accounts and contracts is hereby abrogated. 

Mr. West submitted the following report : 

The committee to Avhom was referred the report of the Executive Com- 
mittee in reference to improvements and repairs upon the University 
buildings, beg leave to report, that they have performed the duty assigned 
them as far as their limited time permitted, and found much to apDrove 
and nothing to condemn. The improvements and repairs are of a sub- 
stantial character and neatly executed, and were necessary to the com- 
fort and health of the Students and Faculty. Your committee are also 
of the opinion that said improvements and repairs have been economi- 
cally made, and with a proper appreciation ol* our financial condition, 
and the necessities of the case. 

The said committee, being impressed with the importance of a suc- 
cessful execution of the subject with which they are charged, imposed 
the more active and laborious duties upon Mr. James Brown of said 
committee, who performed them in a most commendable manner, de- 
voting, as your committee are informed and believe, his entire time to 
this service. Therefore, we agree with said committee in the recom- 
mendation of allowing him liberal compensation for the same. 

Your committee recommend, that in view of the financial condition of 
your treasury, that all further improvements be suspended, except such 
as are indispensable to health, decency, and the preservation of the 
buildings. 

The fencing around the yard and gardens of the several residences 
should be repaired in a manner to afford entire protection against depre- 
dations. Privies, suited to the necessities of the pupils, should be pro- 
vided at the earliest practicable period. 

The preservation of the forest growth, and the protection of the o-rass 
and the otherwise ornamentation of the University grounds, should in 
the opinion of your committee, engage your most serious attention. 

Your committee respectfully submit, that the practice of cutting down 
the forest growth, and reducing the lands of the University to cultiva- 
tion, cannot be too earnestly reprobated, when considered in connection 
with the subject of education, and the contemplated permanency of our 
University. You cannot too soon order the practice discontinued. 

A. M. WEST, Chairman. 

Said report was recrived and agreed to. 



-0 — 0- 



STE"W-.4^1^I>9S HALL. 

Mr. Clark made the following report : 

Mr. President: The committee, to whom was referred the subject of 
the Steward's Hall, have had the same under consideration, and beg 
leave to report the following resolutions, which they respectfully submit 
for the consideration of the Board ; 



[16] 

1st. R3solved, Tlvdt the responsibility of the Steward's Hall, and all 
authority over it, are hereby devolved upon, and granted to the Execu- 
tive Committee. 

2nd. Besolved, That it shall be the duty of the Steward to pay over 
to or account to the Executive Committee for all monies that may have 
been paid to him, by the students, for board or servant hire, and that 
hereafter all such monies be paid to the Executive Committee. 

3rd. Resolved, That the Executive Committee be authorized to engage 
and control a necessary number of employees and servants to perform 
the duties connected with the University, except such as may be in the 
service of the several Professors. 

4th. Resolved, That the Executive Committee be authorized to pur- 
chase suitable furniture for the use of the Steward's Hall, and, also, such 
teams and vehicles as may be required for the use of the University, 
and the Treasurer of the University is hereby directed to pay for the 
same ; and, also, to make such advances from the Treasury as may be 
deemed necessary to sustain the Steward's Hall — said advances to be re- 
paid from the money received from students for board — upon the requi- 
sition of the Executive Committee. 

5th. Resolved, That the Executive Committee be requested to make 
inquiries and such experiments as they may deem proper to the relative 
advantage of coal and wood for fuel, and report thereon to the Board at 
its next meeting. 

Eespectfully submitted, 

CHAS. CLAKK, Chairman. 

Said report was received ; whereupon, 

Mr. Howry moved to strike out the 4th resoluton in said report, and, 
after considerable discussion thereon, the vote was taken by yeas and 
nays, and resulted as follows : 

Yeas — Mr. Howry. 

Nays — Messrs. Clark, (Mr. Hill in the Chair,) Brown, Duncan, 
Pegues, and West. 

So the same was not stricken out. 

A vote was then taken on the whole report and adopted — 

Mr. Howry voting No. 

Mr. Howry offered the following resolutions : 

Resolved, That the Secretary and Treasurer be authorized to cause 
Photographs of the principal buildings to be taken and Lithographed in 
sufficient numbers to have one of each put in the catalogues next year. 

Resolved, That the Chancellor, with the assistance of the Faculty, if 
necessary, be requested to prepare a description of each building, with 
its contents, to be printed in the catalogues, and to accompany each Lith- 
oo-raph, Provided the cost of the same is not too great, in his opinion. 

Said resolutions were adopted. 
On motion of Mr. Howry, 

The following resolution was adopted : 



[17] 

Resolved, That if the Executive Committee should elect to purchase 
such teams and vehicles for the use of the Uuiversity, as they may in 
their wisdom deem necessary, the Steward shall take charge of the same 
and provide food for them, and keep them in the use of the Steward's 
Hall, and when not engaged shall hire them out to the best advantage, 
in order to save expense ; and that he shall keep an account of the 
amounts so expended, and the amount made, and report to the Execu- 
tive Committee a detailed account of the same in settlement. 

A memorial of T. W. & J. R. Tomlinson, praying the Board to carry 
out certain contracts by them with a member of the Board for furnish- 
ing fuel at the University, was presented ; and, on motion, was referred 
to a committee of two, consisting of Mr. West and Mr. Hill, to adjust. 



Note by the Secretary. — The meetings and adjournments of the sessions of 
the Board, and the names of the members present at each one, has been omitted. 

Since the adjournment of the meeting in June, about ten thousand dollars have 
been expended on repairs of buildings at the University. 



APPETVI3IX Woo 1. 



James M. HoTvry, Treasurer of tlie University of Mississippi^ 

'In Account Currenty Dr. 

1868. 

June, To balance on hand at date of last report, in State Warrants, $15,187 79 
Aug. 8, Amount received from State Treasury, in State Warrants, 

under Act 27, February 1848 6226 75 

" Under same Act ". 5324 44 

Unde.i Act 27, February 1854 2000 00 

1869. 

Jan.l4, Amount received under Act 19, February 1867 5000 00 

Ap'120, Amount received under Act 19, February 1867 5000 00 

^'21, Amount received under Act of 27tli February 1848 11,551 19 

" 21, Amount received under Act of February 1854 1000 00 

June, Amount received for tuition fees for seventeen sessions end- 
ing June 1869 6160 00 

Amount received for fuel for same 2760 50 

Amountfuel fees from Mess Halls 95 80 

Total receipts $60,306 47 



Cr. 



1868. By drafts paid on drafts of Executive Committee 

July To Charley Delbridge, hauling Voucher No. 

Bob Blake, labor 

H. Brown, labor 

M. Cook & Son, lumber 

W. Albright, lumber 

D. Brown, labor 

Allen, labor , 

Jim Neilson, hauling 

Tobe Ruifman, labor 

August, Cook & Co., screws 

Jim Neilson, labor '. 

E. W. Hilgard, chenil 

H. P. Howry, hauling 

Mississippi Central Railroad, freight 

Sept'r 1, Mississippi Central Railroad, freight 

'• 2, Mississippi Central Railroad, freight 

" 4, Appeal, advertising 

" 7, Jim Neilson, hauling 

"13, J. F. Dunlap, labor 

" 17, Charley Delbridge, hauling 

" 17, H. Wohleben. blacksmithing 

" 17, Burney & Stokes, fuel 

" 18, Jim Neilson, hauling 

" 18, W. N. Shives, lumber 

" 21, W. C. Neill, fuel 

" 21, Bob Brown, labor 

" 24, Express Company, freight 

" 30, T. D. Isom, sundries 

Oct'r. L. W. Gabbert, oil 

" 5, B. P. Howell, labor 

" 9, Wilson, Peters & Co., chemicals 

" 10, Fee& Thompson, iron 

" 10, W. H. Johnson, fuel 

" 12, Burney & Stokes, fuel 

. -'12, W. C. ^eill, fuel 



1 


....$ 1 75 


2 


.... 1 25 


3 


75 


4 


.... 18 00 


5..... 


.... 37 17 


6 


.... 1 50 


7 


.... 11 25 


8 


.... 30 00 


9 


75 


10 


1 50 


n 


35 00 


12 


29 00 


13 


1 50 


14 


4 82 


15 


9 60 


16 


3 70 


17 


4 00 


18 


.... 35 00 


19 


.... 150 50 


20 


1 00 


21 


56 85 


22 


196 87K 


23 


20 00 


24 


15 00 


25 


.... 35 00 


26 


1 00 


27 


25 00 


28...., 


25 05 


29 


4 00 


30 


5 50 


31 


33 72 


32 


.... 2 00 


33 


.... 93 62}4 


34 


112 00 


35 


66 50 



[19] 



Dec. 



Oct. 12, 
" 12, 

-12, 
" 15, 
" 16, 
" 16, 
" 16, 
" 16, 
" 16, 
" 16, 
" 19, 
-24, 
" 24, 
" 28, 
" 31, 
" 31. 
" 31, 
" 31, 
"31, 
Nov. 1/, 

" 17, 
"17, 
" 17, 
" 17, 
30, 
5, 
" 5, 
" 5, 
" 5, 
" 9, 
" 9 
1869.' 
Jan. 1, 
" 1, 

" h 

" 2, 
" 16, 
" 23, 
" 23, 
" 30, 
Feb. 2, 

" 2. 
" 2, 
" 2, 
" 3. 
" 3, 
"• 4, 
" 4, 
" 6, 
" 13, 
" 13, 
" 13, 
" 13, 
" 26, 
" 27, 
" 27, 
" 27. 
" 27, 
" 27, 

Mar. 10, 
" 10, 
" 10, 
" 10, 

April, 



ACCOUNT CUKRENT — CONTINUED. 

D. S. Heam, tuition Voucher No. 

K. Clarke, labor 

R. Gr. Craig & Co., Lime, etc 

G. M. Hillyer, sev 

W. C. Neill, fuel..... 

Lyles Bros., sundries 

Mississippi Central Railroad, freight 



F. Labauee, chemicals 

J.E. Wallace, carpentering 

McCombs & Co., hardware 

W. H. Johnson, fuel 

J. M. Marshall, glazing' 

W. H. Johnson, fuel 

J. E.Wallace, labor 

Jim Neilson, labor 

Mississippi Central Railroad, freight. 



S. G. Burney, fuel 

Vance & Viser, lime 

Mississippi Central Railroad, freight. 

Eleck Pegues, labor 

T. D. Isom, glass etc 

Burney & Stokes, fuel 

Jim Neilson, labor 

W.C. Neill, fuel 

T.R. Tomlinson, fuel 

Smither & Son, sundries 

T. W. Tomlinson, fuel 

T. H. Lyman, painting 

Wilson, Peters & Co 



Burney & Stokes, fuel 

G. Burgland, sash 

E. W. Hilgard, servant 

W. H. Johnson, fuel 

W. H. Johnson, fuel , 

W. H.Johnson, fuel 

J. E. Wallace, labor 

Henry Worley, repairs 

Elick Pegues, labor 

J. W. Stokes, fuel , 

D. W. Jones, brick 

J. R. Tomlinson, fuel 

S. G. Burney, fuel 

S. N. Thompson, printing 

James Brown, hauling 

D. J. Liverman, shingles 

J. C. W^allace, services 

J. G. Sheegog, sundries 

C. R. Delbridge, hauling 

W. H. Johnson, fuel 

Thomas Cantwell, hauling 

Harwood, Roberts & Doyle, sand 

A. Coison, labor 

J. W. Stokes, fuel 

S. G. Burney, fuel ... 

W. H.Johnson, fuel 

N. F. Worley, brick work 

G. W. Delbridge, express charges 

J. M. Marshall, glazing 

J. F. Dunlap, plastering 

B. P.Howell, repairs 

Thad. Morris, repairs 

Mississippi Central Railroad, freight. 
A. Carson, carpentering 



36 $ 34 00 

37 7 50 

38 68 50 

39 4 95 

40 21 00 

41 6 30 

42 4 60 

43 2 80 

44 47 95 

45 18 40 

46 32 75 

47 70 00 

48 58 15 

49 22 85K 

50 60 00 

51 2 00 

52 2 25 

53 2 25 

54 238 87K 

55 21 00 

56 1 66 

57 15 00 

58 24 40 

69 89 25 

60 1 50 

61 26 25 

62 73 50 

63 4 33 

64 113 75 

65 202 00 

66 29 00 

67 123 37 

68 75 00 

69 48 00 

70 196 00 

71 40 25 

72......... 35 87K 

73....:.... 5 00 

74 36 50 

75 15 00 

76 79 62K 

77 52 50 

78 63 00 

79 541 62>^ 

80 10 00 

81 74 00 

82 12 50 

83 10 00 

84 5 45 

85 2 25 

86 70 00 

87 12 00 

88 43 25 

89 15 00 

90 42 00 

91 422 62>^ 

92 115 50 

93 97 62K 

94 1 15 

95 7 50 

96 37 50 

97 27 00 

98 2 50 

99 22 00 

100 83 35 



[20] 

ACCOUNT CURRENT — CONTINUED. 

May 1, Samuel Knox, labor Voucher No. 101 $ 2 50 

" 3, Mississippi Central Railroad, freight 102 5 00 

" 4, Samuel Lockridge, roof 103 2 50 

" J. Wallace, roof 104 13 50 

" Sam. Logan, roof 105 2 18 

" R. Wallace, roof 106 18 00 

" William Strong, roof 107 27 00 

" Dolph, labor 108 60 00 

" J. H. Low, fencing 109 70 13 

" Tobe McCoy, labor 110 17 50 

" J. W. Stokes, fuel.. Ill 122 50 

" Sam. Shivers, hauling 112 6 75 

" 6, Barry Legan, labor 113 3 75 

" 7, Jim Dickens, hauling 114 4 50 

" 7, Shaw & Robinson, grates 115 19 50 

"12, Anderson Chilton, labor 116 16 25 

"28, Jim Neilson, hauling 117 150 

June 5, W. M. Strong, labor 118 72 00 

" 7, Mississippi Central Railroad, freight 119 15 65 

•' 9, Charles Delbridge, hauling 120 6 00 

S. G. Burnoy, fuel 121 44 00 

Phil. Walter, labor 122 6 00 

A. Corson, services 123 81 00 

McWilliams, labor 124 2 50 

Tom Brown, labor 125 8 00 

Thomas Cartrell, lumber 126 17 92 

Samuel Shivers, hauling 127 75 

Phil. Walter, hauling 128 3 00 

R. H. Strong, lumber 129 34 92 

" 12, Mansfield & Higbee, glass, etc 130 70 50 

■ Isom, labor 131 22 50 

A. Corson, services 132 79 00 

Curry Wilson, lumber 133 81 85 

" 14, Thomas Walton, house servant 134 240 00 

T. E. B. Pegues, sundries 135 221 41 

" J. H. Howry & Co., stationery, etc 136 70 45 

" T. E. B. Pegues, labor 137 13 25 

" • E. C. Boynton, pumps 138 30 00 

" G. Bergland & Bro., sundries 139 227 52 



Total amount paid on drafts of Executive Committee $6543 15^ 



1868. 
June 24, To A. M. Clayton, Trustee Ex., Voucher No. 1, $30 00 

25, Charles Clark, " " 2, 87 00 

D. P. Bestor, " '■' 3, 84 00 

Geo. H. Young. " " 4, 82 60 

Wm. Yerger, " " 5, 6150 

R.A.Hill, " " 6, 24 00 

T. E. B. Pegues, " " 7, 24 00 

J. M. HoAvry, " " 8, 24 00 

James Brown, " " 9, 24 00 

26, A.Smith, 10, !... 175 00 

Alford Neilson, servant hire, 11, 75 00 

Express Company, freight, 12, 1 60 

Kay & Bros 13, 35 00 

Mississippi Central Railroad, freight, 14,.. 16 90 

July George Little, 15, 683 33 

James Brown, services, 16, 600 00 

T. E. B. Pegues, services, 17, 500 00 

J. M. Howry, services, 18, 500 00 

R. G. Craig & Co., cement, 19, 33 75 

Mississippi Central Railroad, freight, 20, 9 55 

G. W. Delbridge, Express, 21, 125 



[21] 



ACCOUNT CURRENT— CONTINUED. 

July Charles Clark, dis. on warrant, Voucher No. 

T. E. B. Pegues, " " " 

C.B.Howry, " " '• 

August H. W. Walter, " " " 

W. W. Gaither, " " " 

(x. W. Delbridge, Express, 

31, D. Van Nostrand, books, 

Sept. 1, E. C. Boyeston, ser., 

G. W. Delbridge, Ex., 

14, L. D. Viser, stamps, *. 

16, J.C.Wallace, Proctor, 

17, B. H, Hemmingway, tuition, 

18, C.W. Sears, "" 

24, Memphis Appeal, adv., 

26, A. M. Clayton, Trustee, 

26, Wm. Yerger, " 

James Brown, " 

J.M.Howry, " 

R.A.Hill, " 

G. M. Hillyer, " 

T. E. B. Pegues, " 

Summit Times, adv., 

A. T. Tidwell, Bell R., 

H. H. Hines, adv., 

Montgomery Adv., adv 

Clarion, printing, 

G. M. Hillyer, ser., 

Express Company, 

G. W. Delbridge, ft., &c., 

Tuscaloosa Monitor, adv., 

Mobile Register, " 

R. H. Loughbridge, Bell R., 

G. W. Delbridge, ft., 

0. T. Keeler, book, 

Summit Times, printing, 

J. J. Wheat, salary, 

C. W. Sears. " 

E. W. Hillgard, ' 

J.N. Waddel, " ." 

L.C.Garland, '• 

16, Express Company, freight, 

19, A. J. Frantz, printing, 

22, Home and Phoenix Ins. Cos., 

Shannon & Grace, adv., 

1, D. Van Nostrand, books, 

Alford Neilson, servant hire, 

2, Phoenix Ins. Co., insurance, 

J. M. Howry, salary and ex., 

S. G. Burney, " " dis 

F. A. Shoup, " " " 

L. Q. C. Lamar. " " " 

A, J. Quinche, " " " 

Feb. 2, Geo. Little, services, sal., 

Appeal, printing, 

W. W. Gaither, dis. on warrants, 

Judge Mays, " " 

C. F. Sawyers, " " 

C. F. Sawyers, " " . . 

T. R. Dashiell, '• " 

Judge Mosely, " " 

R.O.Reynolds, " " 

W. H. H, Tison, " " 

March Judge Mayes, " " 

L. R. Dashiell, " «' 

F.S.Hunt, " " 





28, 


Oct. 


1, 




3, 




6, 




13, 




16, 




19, 




28, 




29, 


Nov. 




Dec. 


19, 


1869. 


Jan. 


1, 



Feb. 



22,. $62 49 

23, 55 77 

24, 186 00 

26, 216 00 

26, 30 00 

27, 21 60 

28, 175 00 

29,.. 100 00 

30, 50 

31, 4 00 

32, 166 66K 

33, 40 80 

34, 97 62K 

35, 20 00 

36, 18 00 

37, 65 60 

38, 6 00 

39, 6 00 

40, 6 00 

41, 102 30 

42, 6 00 

43, 15 00 

44, 5 00 

45, 13 00 

46, 28 75 

47, 128 00 

48, 100 00 

49, 150 

50, 6 60 

51, 17 00 

52,....:.... 34 00 

53, 25 00 

54, 4 00 

55, 5 00 

56, 15 00 

57, 1060 00 

68, 1020 00 

59 1035 00 

60, .1250 00 

61, 1000 00 

62, 3 75 

63, 10 00 

64, 220 00 

65, 20 00 

66, 28 27 

67,. 75 00 

68, 175 00 

69, 496 75 

70, 1020 00 

71, 1005 00 

72, 1056 22 

73, 1043 00 

74, 350 00 

75, 5 60 

76, 20 00 

77, 1.50 00 

78, 12 50 

79, 12 50 

80, 75 00 

81, 135 00 

82, 40 50 

83, 63 50 

84, 40 00 

85, 165 00 

86, 195 00 



March 



April 
May 



[22] 



ACCOUNT CURRENT — CONTINUED. 

W. H. West, " " Voucher 

H. Hilzheim, " " 

W. F. Mason, " " 

Wm. Thompson, " " 

J. Sims, jr., " " 

G. Bergland, " " 

J.J.Hooker, " " 

Dr. Kerr, " " 

W.S. McKee, " " 

F.S.Hunt, . " " 

George R. Fearn, " " 

R. 0. Reynolds, " " 

G. F.Neill, " " 

L.R.Wilson, " " 

J. T. Rucks, " " 

Power & Barksdale, printing, 

W. H. Brown, labor, 

South Western Presbyterian, printing, 

Telegram, 

DeBow's Review, 

E. C. Boynton, services, 

J. C. Shoup, adv., 

E. W. Roots, dis. on w., 

J, C. Randle, postage, 

A. J. Quinche, tuition, 

J. N. Waddel, salary, 

S. G. Burney, " 

A. J. Quinche,. " 

L. Q. C. Lamar, " 

F. A. Shoup, " 

C.W. Sears, " 

J. J. Wheat, " 

L.C.Garland, " 

E. W. Hilgard, " 

George Little. " 

J.M.Howry, " 

S. C. Hart, fees returned, 

Express charges, on freight, 

C. F. Sawyer, discount on w 

J.D.Stewart, " 

R. H. Loughbridge, services, 

Giles M. Hillyer, discount, 

F. D. Barnum, medals, 

Southern Railroad Association, freight, 

R. M. Mosby, telegram, 



No. 87, $ 5 00 

88, 75 00 

89 30 20 

90, 150 88 

91, 98 00 

92, 15 00 

93 450 00 

94, 112 60 

95, 100 00 

98, 45 00 

97, 150 00 

98, 90 00 

99, 225 50 

100, 170 00 

101, 150 00 

102, 400 00 

103, 25 00 

104, 20 00 

105, 4 00 

106, 12 00 

107, 150 00 

108, 15 00 

109, 50 00 

110, 19 43 

111 291 42 

112; 1345 00 

113, 1145 76 

114, 1000 00 

115, 1000 00 

116, 1000 00 

117, 1336 67 

118, 1371 42 

119, 1010 00 

120, 1035 00 

121, 350 00 

122, 490 00 

123, 55 00 

124, 51 90 

125, 93 75 

126, 209 07 

127, 25 00 

128 460 46 

129, 30 50 

130, 10 65 

131 1 70 



Total amount payments, $31,304 68 

Do do do brought over, 6,543 15}4 

By balance on hand, 22,458 63^ 



$60,306 47 



SUMMARY. 
Of the Balance on hand: 

There are in warrants, $14,500 00 

(( u u currency,- 7,958 63K 



$22,458 633^ 



[23] 



UNIVEESITY OF MISSISSIPPI, } 
June 17, 1869. | 

To the Son. The Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi — 

Gentlemen : The Fourth Session of the University since the sur- 
render, the seventeenth of its actual operations, and the twenty-first 
year of its existence, is drawing to a close. While we feel called upon 
to record with gratitude that measure of the Divine favor which has 
been extended to us during the past year, we are also called to mention 
with saddened and stricken spirits, the unusual mortality which has 
occurred in the numbers of those who have been more immediately con- 
nected with us. 

First in prominence among the deaths referred to, we mourn the loss 
of Eev. Dr. Bestor, an honored member of the Board of Trustees. He 
was present at our last commencement, taking part in your counsels, 
and by his cheering words, and earnest zeal, contributed much to our 
encouragement, and enjoyment. On the evening of the annual meet- 
ing of one of the two Literary Societies, he took active and deeply 
interested share in the proceedings, and by his genial and happy ad- 
dress, diffused a universal glow of enjoyment among the visitors. On 
the same night after the adjournment of the Society, he was violently 
attacked with the disease, under which he ultimately sank. Though a 
lingering attack, yet it never relaxed its grasp upon his system, until 
death ensued, which event occurred a few weeks since in the city of 
Mobile. 

In the midst of our sorrow on occasion of this melancholy event, it 
affords us a real gratification to be enabled to record that he has left 
behind him a name which is enbalmed in the hearts of many warm and 
devoted friends, and if we seek that monument most appropriate to his 
memory, it will be found in the good deeds by which his long and useful 
life was distinguished. An additional cause for gratitude in connection 
with this event, is the recollection that among the last objects to which 
his active and devoted zeal was directed, was our beloved University. 

Since our last session closed seven students who v»^ere then with us, 
have also been called from this scene of earthly existence. 

I._]srUMBER PRESENT DURING THIS SESSION. 

I regret that I am under the necessity of reporting a decline in the 
number of students attending the University during the present session 
as compared with the numbers of the session proceeding this. A review 
of the attendance since the re-opening of the exercises of the Univer- 
sity, presents the following statistics : 

Number in attendance since 1865. 

Session of 1865-66 ..193 

1866-67 246 

1867-68 ....231 

1868-69 214 



[24] 

From this table it will be perceived that we have fallen short during 
the present session of the numbers of the session immediately preceed- 
ing, by 17. It is also apparent that the session before the present, fell 
short of the numbers of the one immediately preceeding it, by 15. So 
that the session now closing has had in attendance, 32 less than the 
session of 1866-67. 

It is not possible to assign with certainty the cause of this decline in 
numbers, indicating on first view a failure to maintain our standing and 
popularity among the people of the State. For in the first place, I 
remark that the same decline in numbers has been experienced at 
Washington College, Va., and at the University of that State. At the 
former Institution, there were during the session of 1867-68, 410 stu- 
dents, and during the session of 1868-69, we find they report 348 ; so 
at the University of Virginia, during the same two periods, there were 
respectively, 475 and 454. It may be added in this connection, that 
there were 30 students from Mississippi at the University of Va. , dur- 
ing the present session, and 12 at Washington College. There are 42 
Mississippians less at this University this year than were in attendance 
two years ago. From which it would seem that the people of Missis- 
sippi have been withholding their patronage, for some reason or other, 
while exactly that number of Mississippians are in Virginia. It should 
be remarked however, that it does not by 'any means follow that these 
42 would have come to us under any circumstances. There are always 
more or less of our own people who send their boys out of the State 
for an education, and this is true of every State. In making up your 
opinion on this subject, all these circumstances should be taken into 
the account. Recently I have received a letter from one of our most 
intelligent citizens, in which I find the following remarks, deserving 
your attention at least : 

' ' I feel depressed wh^n I look at the cause of Education in our 
State. Competent teachers, have to a great extent, abandoned the pro- 
fession of teaching. There are very few boys now preparing for the 
University or for Colleges. This state of things is alarming, and it 
will tell upon our State in a few years." 

This extract confirms the impression I had received from other 
sources, that the enthusiasm which manifested itself so wonderfully in 
the State in the cause of Education soon after the resumption of our 
exercises in 1865, has begun to subside. The desire to accumulate 
wealth seems to have taken possession of the people, and boys are 
superficially educated and put into business, when they might be sent 
to our Universities and Colleges to complete and perfect their mental 
training. 

But let us look this subject fairly and fully in the face, and endeavor 
to weigh impartially all possible causes which may account for the 
decline in our numbers, so that we may the better undertake to reme- 
dy the evil. 

It is attributed by some to the extravagant cost of board in Oxford 
and at Steward's Hall, making the obtaining of an education here, it is 
said, a matter beyond the means ot many who would otherwise attend 
this Institution. Again, it is quite possible that we are not furnishing 
to the public the sort of Education they require. The close College 



[25] 

System may be objectionable to many, and our attempted substitute 
(which has always been in operation, viz : allowing a student to take an 
irregular course) is found in actual practice to fail of yielding the prac- 
ticle advantage which they expect. Many desire a system, allowing the 
course of study to be entirely elective. To this subject, earnest atten- 
tion is invited, as one that demands a very thorough investigation at 
your hands. 

I omit further suggestions as to causes of decline in our numbers, not 
that there may not be others, but believing that you may be able to do 
a great deal towarHs rectifying abuses, with these matters before you, 
and supposing that you may have thought of other things that may 
have exerted some influence in bringing about this decline. 

II.— EEMEDIES FOR THE EVILS COMPLAINED OF. 

To remedy the evil of extravagant boarding, the plan of messing 
was adopted by several students two years ago. Their success induced 
others to attempt it on a regular system of clubs composed of 10 to 15 
students, who, under certain regulations, were allowed to use vacant 
rooms for the purposes of cooking and eating. The experiment has 
been fairly tried for two years, and although at first, it was encouraged 
upon the idea of cheapness, it is now believed that even this apparent 
advantage is a delusion. With regard to most of these young men who 
have engaged in messing, I doubt not that they expend as much money 
for confectionery, &c. , to make up for the deficiencies of the mess-diet, 
as would at least pay the. difference in board. There are, no doubt, 
exceptions to this state of things, in the case of young men who really 
make messing an economical matter, and who are obliged to get cheap 
boarding, or be deprived of the privileges o± the University. But I 
unhesitatingly pronounce the system as it has been carried out here for 
two sessions, not only a failure, but a nuisance. I think that the Ex- 
ecutive Committee agree fully with me in this opinion. The following 
are among the reasons upon which I base my judgment: 

1. It is injurious to the health of the student. Badly prepared food, 
and partaken of without exercise, has resulted in dyspepsia in some of 
our best students, and has compelled their withdrawal from the Uni- 
versity. 

2. It is demoralizing in its influence; to have many students thus 
thrown together without the softening and elevating influence of the 
family circle. We all know that this is the case with grown men w^ho 
are withdrawn for a time from home, and associated only with their 
own sex. 

3. It is destructive to the buildings. This is demonstrable from 
simple inspection. 

4. It collects together a crowd of servants who subsist by waste, and 
theft, upon the young men, who, from the very nature of the case, 
must trust them more or less with the disposal of their supplies. 

For these and other reasons, it is my deliberate judgment that the 
messing system should be abolished as it has been practiced here. As 
a substitute I suggest that the Steward's Hall be devoted to this purpose 
entirely ; a Steward be employed at a fixed salary, which should be paid 
out of the board-money ; the students be required, (if thev elect to 
4 



[26] 

board at the Hall, ) to pay a certain sum in advance ; and the Steward 
be required to make all purchases, and superintend the whole interests 
of the Boarding Department. I cannot go into details ; the matter will 
doubtless receive the close attention of your honorable body, and your 
superior practical wisdom will guide you to the proper plan. I add but 
one remark ; the great difficulty in getting cheap boarding arises from 
the natural wish of the boarding-house keeper to make a profit on his 
outlay and labor. As there could be no such motive operating upon the 
Board, it is now in your power to ascertain the lowest possible amount 
at which boarding can be obtained. It would be perfectly satisfactory 
no doubt, were we able to offer it to the students at $15 per month, but 
it is not improbable that it may be obtained at even a lower price. 

The other evil to which I have incidentally referred, is the failure of 
the University to meet public expectation. The remedy that occurs to 
my mind is the investigation I have suggested into the internal working 
of the University ; and the examination of the close college system, 
and the University System by comparison. A committee jointly com- 
posed of members of the Faculty and Trustees, might be appointed to 
examine the whole subject of Systems of Instruction, and report at an 
adjourned meeting of the Board before the opening of the next session, 
or at your next annual meeting. 

III.— PEOGRESS OF THE CLASSES IN THE VARIOUS 

DEPARTMENTS. 

The usual extended Report of the Chancellor giving in minute detail 
the amount of ground gone over by each class in each Department, is 
rendered unnecessary by the very wise action of the Board in Septem- 
ber last, requiring each Professor to report through the Chancellor to 
the Board, in writing, the state of his Department. I call attention to 
these Reports as they are herewith presented, submitting them to the 
Board without undertaking to condense them. The whole result to be 
gathered from these Reports, gives the usual account of progress in 
study, and the proficiency of the students as shown by the Professors. 
I respectfully call attention also to the suggestions of Prof. Garland, as 
to the state of the building in which are stored the apparatus for his 
Department, as being worthy and indeed demanding immediate atten- 
tion. The Report of Prof. Hilgard also contains important suggestions, 
which ought to be immediately attended to. 

IV.— CONDITION OF THE DISCIPLINE. 

It has been my good fortune hitherto, in all my Annual Reports, to 
have it in my power to state that the deportment of the students was 
every way worthy of commendation, and indeed unexampled in excel- 
lence, among College communities. I regret that I cannot report in 
altogether so favorable terms of the conduct of the student-body dur- 
ing the present session. The character of the violations has not been 
of the outrageous description frequently found existing among students. 
It has rather partaken of the nature of boisterous disorder and noise 
upon the campus, of anything else. 

The causes of this deterioration of our students in deportment, I 
think may be assigned without difficulty. 

1. Too many small boys have been admitted into the Preparatory 



[ 27 ] 

Department. These have come to us without preparation, and having 
found the course of study difficult, become discouraged, and idle, and 
thus have fallen easy victims to the arts of seduction used by the older 
and more disorderly. Being thro^^TL into the Dormitories with the more 
advanced students, they have, partly from the above mentioned causes, 
and partly from a conception, that they were now College students and 
entitled to rank as such, have totally ignored all their real obligations, 
and have given us more trouble than any other class. 

2. A second cause of disorder has no doubt been the mingling of 
students of the two different Departments of Law, and Literature and 
the Arts, in the same Dormitories. The former not being amenable 
to the Faculty of Arts, nor to the laws which control the students of the 
Literary Department, the freedom allowed them in their movements 
contrasting them constantly with the others, resulted unfavorably to the 
discipline of the Institution. It is always unwise to throw together in 
the same community parties whose j)rivileges are not the same. 

All these causes combined, and perhaps others, have operated disas- 
trously upon the good order of the student-body. To remedy this state 
of things, I earnestly urge the Board again to abolish the Preparatory 
Class, or at any rate to remove it far away from the Campus, and to 
separate the students of the Law Department from the Undergraduates. 

v.— GRADE OF SCHOLARSHIP. 

I find no material change in either the elevation or depression of the 
standard of scholarship. My conviction is that among our graduates 
are found young men whose accomplishments will compare favorably 
with those of any College in the land. But with regard to the scholar- 
ship of those who present themselves annually for admission to our 
classes, it is a mortifying fact to the friend of Education, that the ex- 
amination of such candidates indicates little or no improvement in the 
grade of Preparatory Education in our State. The great want of Mis- 
sissippi is a good and efficient system of Preparatory Schools, and until 
such a system shall have been fairly established, and in successful pro- 
gress, it is not only unreasonable, but vain to expect of this University 
that elevated standard which is desirable. We may add, that notwith- 
standing all the disadvantages under which the University has been la- 
boring from this cause, many of our alumni go forth from our training 
with very fine scholarship. If it were popular, as an occupation, to 
teach, and these young men could be induced to engage in this noble 
profession, the beneficial effects upon the scholarship of the State would 
very soon be made manifest. I trust that just so soon as the State shall 
have been put in possession and control of her own interests, and shall 
have elected a Legislature, that body at its very first meeting will be 
memorialized by the Board of Trustees to make ample provision for 
connecting with the Univeristy a Normal Department for the training of 
professional teachers, in which plan should be embraced appropriations 
to pay the actual expense of a limited number of youths who should in 
return be required to come under obligation to engage for a term of years 
after graduation, in teaching. The advantages of this arrangement 
would be very great. These young men having become acquainted with 
the course and the mode of instruction in the University, would of course 



[28] 

be better qualified than any other teachers to prepare students for the 
University. We may thus anticipate a great reform in the quality of 
our scholarship. 

VI.— IMPEOVEMENTS SUGGESTED. 

Certain particulars are deemed worthy the attention of the Board in 
connection with the Faculty of Arts. In my judgment they are essen- 
tial to the efficient and successful working of our system, and the judi- 
cious disposal of them wdll be a valuable aid to already existing organi- 
zations. They are : 

1. The establishment of a full Professorship of Natural History and 
Geology, instead of the temporary arrangement whereby these subjects 
have been taught by contract during three years past. The Board have 
recognized the fact that Dr. Hilgard, our excellent and distinguished 
Professor of Chemistry, &c., cannot fill with justice to himself or to his 
classes the very extensive Department to which he was appointed, and 
accordingly they have employed the valuable services of Prof. George 
Little, as an adjunct Instructor in Mineralogy, Geology, and Natural 
History. 

2. The chair of Civil Engineering, which was suspended by the Boar(? 
at their last meeting, should be filled now if possible. 

(1.) There is a demand for it. Several students w^ho came here to 
join this Institution last fall and winter, desired to study the subject. 
Others would have come, but were informed that it was not taught 
here. 

(2.) Admitting that, at first, the class in this special Department 
would be small, and thus seem to prove that it was not called for ; this 
objection may be readily set aside by the statement that there is pressing 
need of assistance in the Department of Mathematics, which could be 
very readily rendered by the Engineer. This was formerly done by 
Prof. Shoup, and could be done again, until the duties of this Professor 
of Engineering, in his own special chair, might require the whole of his 
time. To obviate all objections on the score of delay, I will state that 
two candidates are already before the University with their credentials, 
ready to be submitted to the Board whenever they shall determine to 
fill the Chair. 

(3.) Were it proper to suggest a principle of action by which it would 
be, in my opinion, advantageous to proceed, I would respectfully remark 
that experience has shown it to be sometimes wise to avail ourselves of 
the services of a valuable man by electing him to a place in the Faculty, 
even when there is no vacancy. If asked how this is done, I reply, by 
making a place for such a man. I do not mean that a place should be 
provided as a merely nominal Professorship, so as to obtain the benefit 
of his name and reputation. But I do mean that in most instances new 
chairs may be established, and chairs of real practical value, by dividing 
the duties of existing Professors, and that by appointing to the new chair 
some available man of eminent ability, great advantage has often re- 
sulted to the Institution. As an example in point, I recall the fact that 
the invaluable services of Dr. L. C. Garland were secured precisely in 
this way. Now I propose to do the same thing again by dividing the 
duties of Prof. Quinche, and erecting a new chair, to be called the Pro- 



[ 29 ] 

fessorship of Modern Languages, and call to this chair Professor AV. S. 
Wyman, who is an eminent scholar, long associated with Dr. Garland 
in the University of Alabama. 

I know the objection that may be made to these proposed improve- 
ments, on the score of the w^ant of funds. But is it never to be sup- 
posed proper or wise to do anything manifestly for the interest of the 
Institution, unless we have the money in hand? Is it not sometimes ju- 
dicious to risk something for an unquestionable advantage ? This ap- 
pointment may be followed by such« an increase of patronage as would 
be amply sufficient to make up the salary. Besides we may reasonably 
expect an appropriation from our first Legislature, that will enable us to 
do all these things. We ought to have him in our Faculty, and I doubt 
not he would be found in a situation to do noble service. He is emi- 
nently accomplished in the Ancient Latin and Greek Languages, an in 
French and German. 

(4.) Some material improvements might be suggested. I have had 
an estimate made of all the damages done this session, and the names 
of those liable to be^assessed for such damages, with the amount charged 
to each, has been made out. It will therefore be easy to arrange the 
matter for the present, as the Treasurer, at my request, has retained the 
deposit fund in his own hands, until he can get this list. But it seems 
to me that these estimates and assessments ought to be made more fre- 
quently, say weekly, and the repairs made at once, so as to avoid such 
an accumulation at one time. I would suggest also an increase of the 
amount of' the deposit fund. 

(5.) I do not deem it necessary to add anything to what has been so 
often said in reference to a Chancellor's dwelling. I can only repeat 
that the duties of hospitality expected of that officer can never be ap- 
propriately performed while he and his family are confined to a house so 
utterly unfit for such purposes as the one now occupied by him. 

VIL— TOUR OF VISITATION TO OTHER INSTITUTIONS. 

In consequence of the late war it is obvious that all the Southern In- 
stitutions have fallen behind in the march of improvement in many res- 
pects. Impressed with this fact, I respectfully suggest to the Board the 
propriety of commissioning me as your agent to visit as many of the 
Colleges and Universities, both North and South, as can be reached 
within the ensuing vacation, with a view to obtain, by personal visits to 
their Faculties, all the information that may be made valuable to our 
University. The subjects embraced in such an investigation would be 
modes of instruction, systems of discipline, with all minute details and 
plans for the more efficient management an^ accomplishment of Uni- 
versity Education. Many facts of great importance and value might be 
elicited by personal conference which could not be acquired by corres- 
pondence. The amount necessary to be appropriated to the objects of 
such an agency, cannot be ascertained with exactness, but such a sum 
as might be deemed adequate might be appropriated, and a strict record 
of expenses kept, and only so much expended as might be needed, and 
all the rest accounted for. 



[30] 

VIII.— INCKEASE OF SALARIES. 

This is a topic of increasing interest, as the Professors are constantly 
finding themselves more and more troubled to meet current expenses of 
living at their present income, and the present prices of every necessary 
of life. One fact ought to be borne in mind ; the Professors who, by 
their superior merits, are most useful to the University, are the men who 
will be most likely to leave us, on this account. For other Institutions 
will find it to their interest to tempt them by larger salaries to enter their 
service. In point of fact, one suoh Institution, is at this very time in 
correspondence with one or our most valued Professors, and whether he 
is entertaining their proposition seriously is not known to me. This one 
thing I do know, that he finds it impossible to live on $2000, and will be 
obliged to leave if it is not raised to $2500. 

IX.— CONCLUSION. 

I feel persuaded that in the foregoing Report, much may be objected 
to, and perhaps very little is therein contained that will meet the cordial 
approval of the Board. I know the difficulties which surround us, but 
I also know that we do need to have something done to give us a forward 
impulse. I have only made suggestions, and if in the suj)erior wdsdom 
of the Board it shall seem improper that any of them should be adopted, 
I will not regret having made them, since it is made my duty "to report 
to the Trustees, as occasion may require, concerning the state of the 
University, and of the measures that may be necessary to promote its 
prosperity," and if I fail to prevail upon you to agree with me in my 
views, I acquiesce in your decision, content with the reflection that I 
have done my duty to the best of my ability. 

Respectfully submitted, 

JNO. N. WADDEL, 
Chancellor of the University of Mississippi. 



[31] 

^PFEDix: Tsro. 3. 



-0 — 0- 



Ujoii tlie Coiiiitioii of tlie Uiiiyersity Library, made to a SDCcial Comittee 

OF THE TRUSTEES, OCT. 16, 1868. 



To the Special Committee 

of the Board of Trustees 

in charge of the University Library. 

Gentlemen : At your request, I commenced the task of renovat- 
ing and arranging the Library, on Monday, Sept. 28, and only finished 
the work after ten days hard labor, embracing with the necessary writ- 
ing at night, upwards of twelve hours each day. At your suggestion, 
I then extended my labors in the re-arrangement of a large number of 
additional volumes^ and the preparation of our entirely new Catalogue ; 
based necessarily, how^ever, upon the general plan of the old one. 
Every book and pamphlet have been examined, dusted, and placed in 
its order on its appropriate shelf Every shelf and alcove have been 
thoroughly dusted, and the Library room itself washed and cleansed. 
I can confidently state that it is now in order, and fit for inspection by 
Trustees, Faculty, Students or the public. The whole work has given 
me constant and arduous employment for two and a half weeks. 

I found that the large fly, called 'Dirt-dauber,' had done great dam- 
age to the volumes. They had practically sealed the pages of between 
three or four hundred books ; besides in many cases fastening them to 
the shelves and alcoves. The simple arrangement of bringing the back 
of each volume forward to the edge of the shelf, so as to widen the 
space between the edges of leaves and the wood work, has been adopted 
as an effectual remedy ; and I trust the plan will be continued. 

Upwards of two hundred blocks of wood, of the size of an octavo 
volume, have been prepared, and now occupy the places of every absent 
book. This not merely shows at a glance that a book is out, but what 
book ; besides keeping the volumes upright ' on their feet', preventing 
warping and twisting of covers. 

All the pamphlets, magazines, reviews, &c. , have been thoroughly 
examined and tied up in numbers for the -^ year, or in appropriately 
sized volumes ; and a full list prepared of missing numbers. By a 
resolution of the Board passed some time since, the Secretary was au- 
thorized to have these pamphlets and magazines bound. Preliminary 
thereto, the missing numbers will have to be supplied from the offices of 
publication or elsewhere. The immediate importance of this work is 
respectfully urged. The pamphlets, &c. , thus to be bound, will make 
upwards of two hundred and fifty (250) volumes. They are of ster- 
ling merit and great utility ; while in their present condition, they are 
not merely without practical value, but are liable to be misplaced, lost, 
or defaced. There are about fifty (50) other volumes in the Library of 
important works, which require immediate binding or rebinding, to pre- 



[32] 

serve them or render tliem of use. The expense of the whole work 
will not be over three hundred (300) doDars ; and it cannot be too soon 
commenced. Not a week should elapse in my opinion, before the miss- 
ing numbers should be replaced, and the binding undertaken ; at least 
the work should commence forthwith. 

The number of volumes in the Library, according to the printed 
Catalogue of 1858, was four thousand and eighty-nine, (4089,) of these 
sixteen (16) were marked as 'lost' or ' wanting' at that time. There 
have been added since that date nine hundred and eleven (911) volumes 
— making the number ostensibly in the Library at the present time, 
precisely five thousand (5000) volumes. There are by actual count, in 
the Library, four thousand six hundred and eighteen (4618) volumes ; 
leaving three hundred and eighty-two volumes to be accounted for. 
Of these 382, two hundred and fourteen (214) volumes are in the 
Chemical, Geological and Astronomical Lecture rooms, where they are 
required for almost daily reference ; and in the hands of Professors, 
Students and other parties privileged to use them. One hundred and 
sixty-eight (168) volumes are missing, and cannot be accounted for on 
the Library Books. This number, however, embraces the sixteen (16) 
volumes reported as missing or lost in 1858. Several of these volumes 
are known to be in the hands of citizens of Oxford and its vicinity. 
Immediate application should be made for these, and the propriety of a 
suitable notice or advertisement of the volumes known to be missing, is 
suggested. Considering the events of the last few years, the only sur- 
prise is that so small a number should have been lost ; and the circum- 
stance reflects grat credit upon the zealous care and attention bestowed 
upon the safety of the Library during that troubled period, by the officers 
and Professor in charge. The numbers of volumes mentioned in this 
paragraph of the present Report, are exclusive of the unbound periodi- 
cals. Magazines, Reviews, Scientific Journals, &c. ; and also exclusive 
of the Law Library of the University, which is in charge of Professor 
Lamar, and believed to contain over a thousand volumes. 

The papers accompanying this Report, are as follows : 

First, List of books in hands of Faculty, Students, &c. ; mention- 
ing in whose hands, &c. 

Second, List of books missing and unaccounted for, arranged accor- 
ding to subjects. 

Third, List of missing numbers of Periodicals, Reviews, Magazines, 
(fee. 

Fourth, A general summary and recapitulation. 

In addition to the above, a new Catalogue is presented, revised and 
corrected to date; embracing the printed Catalogue, the additions 
thereto, the unbound Periodicals, &c. , &c. All those checked thus ( J ) 
were actually in the Libriary at the time of the examination. Of 
those unchecked, the name of the party charged Avith them, or in pos- 
session of them, is given wherever it could be ascertained ; while the 
remaining one hundred and sixty-eight (168) volumes are left unmark- 
ed. Opposite to the title of every work in the Library, are written on 
the new Catalogue, the place and date of publication, showing what 
editions of works the Library possesses. A duplicate copy of this Cata- 



[ 33 ] 

logue, thus revised and corrected, should at once be made, or perhaps 
two; for the use of the Librarian and Faculty — retaining the present 
one as the property of the Trustees, and for their future examination 
and use, and to be preserved with this report among the records. The 
expense of such copies would be about Ten Dollars each. In the copy 
so retained, as in the others if made, an entry should be made of the 
recovery of any and all books now reported as missing. 

It is to be hoped that early in the ensuing Spring,, the financial 
condition of the University will be such as to allow a liberal ap- 
propriation to be made for the enlargement of the Library. It is great- 
ly needed, and cannot long be delayed in justice to the usefulness and 
reputation of our loved Institution. A judicious expenditure of $2000 or 
$2,500 w^ould greatly enhance the value of the Library, in a ratio far ex- 
ceeding the monetary value expended. A re-arrangement and re-examina- 
tion of the Library should then take place — thorough and complete — 
under charge of a competent party, and a new (Catalogue prepared 
and printed. The ensuing- vacation would be the appropriate time for 
the task ; such an arrangement and preparation of Catalogue would 
occupy fully a month's hard labor. 

One other suggestion and I close this report. 

Examination shows that on October 3d, only eleven students had 
books from the Library, and of these the majority belonged to classes of 
former years. It is doubtful whether on an average, twenty students 
avail themselves of the privilege of the University Library. This is all 
wrong, and a misfortune. The Library is not exclusively in aid of the 
teacher, but should be a great help in the task of self-education, and 
the enjoyment of literary recreation ; far less should it be a 'terra in- 
cognitia' for the student, whose shore and boundary are looked at from 
a distance, at the best. The student has to climb the hills of science and 
learning for himself; he is assisted of course by his Professors and Teach- 
ers, who give him the helping hand and draw him up the steep ascent ; but 
a well selected Library, constantly open to his examination — where he 
can learn what books are ; select his studies and subjects — is the great 
refresher of the student's strength, to enable him to renewed efforts on 
his toilsome way of improvement. Practically, the Library is closed to 
the student, except as he runs over the Catalogue, asks for a particular 
book, receives and returns it. He has no opportunity of examining the 
works themselves in the Library, or of finding what particular author, 
of the many who treat of the same subject, he most needs, or should 
desire and select. He acquires no taste for books themselves in this 
way; has no opportunity of forming a critical judgment; cannot im- 
prove himself by even momentary reference to great Masters of Thought, 
{Style and Expression. However willing the Librarian may be, (and 
in our case, the Professor in charge is most willing and anxious, and 
always ready,) it cannot be possible that during the hour or two devoted, 
and those only on one day in the week, to the work of receiving and 
giving out books, and making proper records, he should have opportu- 
nity of consulting and advising with every applicant. The Library is 
only open on Saturdays, and then but for an hour or two ; and during 
that time even, the students are not allowed access beyond the railing 
near the door. In this way, the Library is practically but of little 
5 



[34] 

benefit to the student. I repeat, this is a misfortune and a ^rong, but 
the wrong and misfortune spring from the system of expecting a Pro- 
fessor to act as Librarian, and discharge the many responsible duties 
connected with that position, at a pitiful salary of $50 per annum. 
The Professors are only free from lecture room duty on Saturdays, and 
surely they must have some time for private affairs and domestic con- 
cerns. 

It is true the evil is somewhat corrected by the presence of large 
Society libraries, from which it is understood that the students draw 
largely ; but why force them to this extra expenditure when a, Univer- 
sity Library is on hand ? And again, as the Faculty are not consulted 
in the selection of the Society libraries, the range of collegiate thought 
is not as great as where it can examine the wider and more valuable 
field of a better selection and a richer growth. The Society Libraries 
are worthy of all praise and of a fostering care ; but they should not be 
allowed to occupy almost exclusively the nursing privileges of Alma 
Mater. 

The remedy is to employ a Librarian at a salary — say of $250 per 
annum. Let him be under the official direction of one of the Faculty, 
and be selected if possible, from among the resident graduates who are 
pursuing legal or theological studies ; and to whom the salary and the 
having an office for study and reading, would be a great object. Impose 
on such a Librarian the duty of constant and continued care of the 
Library. Let it be his study place and office during day-time hours. 
Oblige him to keep it open every day for at least two or three hours. 
Under certain restrictions, let the students have full opportunity of 
personally examining the works in the Library ; one class, or part of a 
class, every day, and in conveniently divided sections of classe ; so that 
every student would, once a week, or once a fortnight at farthest, have 
the privilege of spending an hour in the Library Hall. Make it a place 
of resort, attractive and pleasant. Let books, good books, be the com- 
panions of youth, that they may be a valuable guide in mature life, and 
a solace in declining age. Inspire and cultivate a taste for literary ex- 
amination ; so tliat when other scenes of College and University life 
have passed away, the idle hours of early manhood, (and they are many,) 
may be referred to with a just pride, and not with thoughts *'of time 
mispent, and fair occasions past forever by.'" 

" We spent them not in toys, or lust, or wine, 

But search of deep philosophy, wit, truth and poesy, 
Arts which I loved : for they, my friend, were thine." 

Respectfully submitted, 

GILES M. HILLYER. 
University of Mississippi, 
Oxford, Oct. 15, 1868. 



[35] 

LIST OF 

Unbound numbers of Magazines, Reviews, &c,, missing from the Uni- 
versity Library. 

American Journal Science and Arts: 

No. 95, Sept. 1861 ; No. 124, July 1866. 

Annals deChemie, Paris: 

Two Nos. of Tome V. 3d Series, 1859. 

Blackwood's Magazine: 

1857 — Nos. for March and April. 

1866 " for Jan. , April, May, June, July, Sept. , Nov. 

1867 " for April, August and September. 

De Bow's Keview: 

Nothing after 1857, except March, May, June and Aug. 
Nos. of 1859. 

Quarterly Journal Geological Society, London: 
All previous numbers to 38. 
And No. 90, for 1867. 

Nos. 81, 84, 87 and Nos. subsequent to 90, in hands of 
Professor Little. 

Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, London : 
1860 — No. for January. 

1866 " for November ; in hands of Prof. Shoup. 
•1867 " All the Nos. except January and February. 

Quarterly Journal Microscopic Science, London : 

It commences with No. 13, Oct., 1855; and there are 

missing October, 1859. 

There are no subsequent Nos. to Oct. 1861. 

London Quarterly Keview: 



Missing — Jan. and Oct., 1850 
Jan. and April, 1853 
Jan. and July, 1857 
1863, '64 and 1865 



all of 1851 and 1852; 

all of 1854 and 1855 ; 

all of 1861 and 1862, 

and Jan. and July 1858. 



Westminster Review: 

Missing— July, 1849; all of 1851,-'52, '53, '54 and '55. 
April, 1860 ; July and October, 1861 ; all of 
1862,-'63, '64 and 65 ; and Jan. and July, 
1866. 

North British Review : 

Missing — May and August, 1849 ; February 1850 ; all of 
1851,-'52, '53, '54 and 55; Nov. 1856; May, 
1857 ; February and May, 1858. 
There are none after Feb. 1861, until December 
1866 ; since which are missing, Dec. 1867 and 
March, 1868. 



[36] 

Edinburg Keview: 

Missing— Jan. and July 1843 ; May and July 1849. 

January, May and October, 1850; all of 1851, 
'52, '53, '54 and 55. Jan. and July 1860. 
None after April, '61, until Jan. 1866. 
Since which are missing, July and Oct., 1866. 



STATEMENT 



Showing number of Books in University Library; number out, and in 
whose hands; and number not accounted for. 



REOARITULATION- 

Vols. 

There were on printed Catalogue of 1858 4089 

Added to Library since, bound vols 911 



Giving a total, October 1868, of vols 5000 

Of these 

In hands of Professors, Students, &c. , as per. list, 214 

Missing and unaccounted for, of which 16 were 

marked lost and wanting in 1858 168 



382 

I estimate the number of unbound periodicals, such as will 

make volumes 256 

There are enough valuable pamphlets, and books that abso- 
lutely require rebin ding to swell the number to 3000 

GILES M. HILLYER. 
University of Mississippi, 
Oxford, Oct,, 1868. 



AP3PE1V33IX IVo. 4. 



< 4 ^ > » 



Of a Tonr of OliserTation among yarions Colleges and Uniyersities of the 

UNITED STATES; 

Undertaken by order of the Board of Trustees of the University of Missis- 
sippi, during the summer of 1869 — By Jxo. N. Waddel, d. d., Chancellor 
of the University. 



To tlie Mon. tlie Soard o£ Trustees 

of tlie University of Mississippi : 

Gentlemen : — In accordance with a resolution passed by your hon- 
orable body, at your annual meeting in June last, the undersigned left 
home on the twenty-second of July, on a tour of observation among 
the Colleges and Universities of the United States, with a view of ascer- 
taining what improvements, had of late years, been made in the internal 
working of the systems of Education, among those Institutions. They 
had fortunately been permitted to pursue their course uninterrupted by 
the disastrous war, which had suspended the operations of all our South- 
ern Colleges and Universities. My purpose was to institute inquiries 
into all subjects belonging to the great Department of Education in the 
Schools of the Higher Learning, and to this end I distributed my in- 
quiries under various topics : for example : 

Discipline and Order ; Stimulants to Study ; Material Improvements ; 
Organization of Systems of Instruction ; Boarding of Students ; Public 
Exhibitions and Examinations, &c. , &c. In the digestion and arrange- 
ment of the material collected, as results of my tour, I have not thought 
it necessary, or even desirable to present minute details, but to make a 
selection from the mass of material of such matters as would promise 
most advantage to our own Institution. The mission thus undertaken, it 
was supposed by some, would fail of any beneficial results, from the fact 
that my visits to these Institutions would occur at a period of the year 
when nearly all of them would be suspended for the annual vacation, 
and when the Professors would most probably be absent from home. I 
was, however, happily for myself and the object in view, fortunate in 
finding more of the officers of these various institutions on the ground, 
than I had anticipated. In consequence of the limited space of time 
within which I Avas confined, I was unable to visit as many of the Col- 
leges and Universities as I had hoped to see. I was compelled, there- 
fore, to make choice of a few which I thought most likely to furnish the 
information I desired to obtain, and in the end, I was obliged to omit 
some even of those thus selected. 



[38] 

I visited the University of Georgia, Harvard University, The Mas- 
sachusetts Institute of Technology, Amherst College, Yale College , 
The University of the City of New York, Princeton College, N. J., 
Brown University, and the University of Michigan. Among those 
omitted, were Columbia College, in the City of New York, and Cornell 
University at Ithaca. The former, I failed to visit after having learned 
that President Barnard was absent, on a visit to Europe, and circum- 
stances of a private nature, prevented my visiting Cornell. I very much 
regretted both of these failures, as these Institutions justly occupy, in 
the estimation of all, the front rank in importance and excellence. The 
following: officers of the various Collesfes and Universities visited, I was 
fortunate in meeting, and to them I acknowledge myself indebted for 
valuable information most courteously furnished, and for many facilities 
kindly extended. Chancellor Lipscomb, of the University of Georgia, 
and his colleagues of the Faculty ; President Stearns, of Amherst Col- 
lege, and Professors Seelye, Hitchcock, and Montague, of the same Col- 
lege ; Professors Dana, Billiman, and Marsh, of Yale College ; the dis- 
tinguished Dr. McCosh, President of Princeton College, together with 
Professors At water, Ai kin, and DulSield of the same Institution; Dr 
Caswell, President of Brown University, and Professors Winch ell, 
Frieze, and Professor Cooley, of the Law Department of Michigan Uni- 
versity, with Professor Prescott, of the Medical Department, who is also 
a Professor in the Department of Science, Literature and the Arts. To 
all of these gentlemen, my thanks are due for the cordiality with which 
I was received, and for the readiness with which my various inquiries 
were answered. 

The subjects to which my attention was chiefly turned were few in 
number, and these I regarded as of importance in proportion to their 
novelty and the success which attended their introduction. Among 
them was the subject of 

I. — ARRANGEMENTS FOR BOARD. 

These arrangements, I found to be generally the same in the majority 
of these Institutions. But at the University of Georgia there is, in full 
and successful operation, a plan peculiar to that place, and which, by 
the testimony of the Chancellor, Dr. Lipscomb, has, after a tridl of four 
years, been found an admirable method of disposing of this much 
vexed subject. The plan, in brief, is as follows : 

On the campus, there are two large buildings similar to the three on 
our campus, and erected for the same purpose, viz : for Dormitories for 
Students. Formerly, they were a source of great trouble and annoy- 
ance to the Faculty, and a very great hindrance to the preservation of 
correct discipline, just as all such buildings have proven to be in similar 
Institutions. Now while they v/ere too costly to be thrown away, it was 
a question well deserving mature consideration, whether or not these 
buildings might not be appropriated k) some other purpose than simply. 
as sleeping apartments for a number of students isolated from all the 
influences of the family circle. To this question, the idea of making 
them boarding houses presented itself as a solution, and they resolved 
upon the experiment. They fitted up, at the expense of the University, 
the lower, or first story, as a place of residence for a family, furnishing 



[39] 

to a boarding-house keeper all the rooms that might be needed for his 
family, and for house-keeping purposes, and gave it to any suitable 
person, upon condition that he would board all the occupants of the 
second and third stories and that he ^vould take care of their rooms, 
and exercise over them the same kind of oversight that is exercised by 
any house-holder over his boarders. The second and third stories are 
occupied as study-rooms and sleeping apartments, by the boarders. The 
expense of repairs is borne by the boarding-house keeper, after the build- 
ing is remodeled, the expense of which is borne by the University 
authorities. The students are taught to regard the house as that of a 
private family, and the house-keeper expects them to conduct themselves 
with propriety, and reports all disorderly persons to the Faculty. The 
history of this experiment, thus far, after four years' trial, is that a de- 
cided improvement has taken place in the deportment of the students, 
and the many evils of the Dormitory system have been virtually done 
away. Should the experiment of a Steward's Hall, which we are now 
attempting on a new basis, fail of success, I know of no scheme which 
promises so many advantages as this one of " Students' Homes," as it 
is called at the University of Georgia ; unless indeed we should abolish 
the system of Dormitories altogether, for which, perhaps, we are not 
yet quite prepared. Ko argument is required to convince us of the evils 
of the Dormitory system, and it may simply be added, therefore, that 
whenever, in the judgment of the Trustees, it may be deemed proper 
to make such use of any, or all of om* Dormitory buildings, as is de- 
scribed above, it will require very little remodeling to fit them for such 
purpose. It Avould, unquestionably, be money judiciously appropriated, 
to do this, provided the result should be the abatement of the evils of 
the cloister or monastic system of lodging Students. 

II. — PREPARATORY EDUCATION. 

At the University of Georgia I found another important provision for 
the full development of an Educational system. I allude to the fine 
University High School, connected with their Institution, although dis- 
tant one mile and a hall from the University campus. The building is 
of granite, three stories high, containing rooms for the family of the 
President, and for a number of boarders, who are students, besides 
rooms for Library, Recitation, and Chapel. In this School are taught 
the Classical and Modern Languages, the Mathematics and elementary 
Science, and English Literature, together with the primary branches. 
A Student of this School can be thoroughly prepared for the University, 
or for the active business of Life. 

Your Honorable body will remember that the organization of such a 
High School, in connection with the University of Mississippi, has been 
a favorite project, and a cherished object with me for the past four 
years. The observation of the successful working of the scheme at the 
University of Georgia, in connection with the failure of the Preparatory 
Class here, have but confirmed me in the theory that there is nothing more 
sorely needed to carry out fully the objects of this Institution, than the 
establishment of just such a High School in cuunection with our own 
University. I hold that in so far as regards the advantages anticipated 
as the result of the organization of such a Class here, the Preparatory 



[40] 

Class lias proved a failure. The chief advantage realized as yet, is the 
addition of a certain amount of income to those members of the Faculty 
who taught the Class. If, however, the value of the labor bestowed 
upon the Class is to be estimated by the results upon the patronage and 
scholarship of the University, it will be regarded as almost lost. One 
among the most mortifying facts in connection with the arrangement is 
that very few of this class enter our classes at all, and some of our best 
prepared Students of this class leave us for other Institutions, disap- 
pointing us thus in the only result we had hoped to attain. I repeat my 
earnest wish and venture to hope that at no distant day, we may have 
established such a High School in Oxford, as will relieve us of all Pre- 
paratory Students, to which we may promptly remit all Students who 
apply to us without suitable preparation for our Freshman Class. 

III. — ORNAMENTATION. 

I take pleasure in reporting that I was much attracted by the air of 
elegance and refinement of taste which was observed in all the buildings 
and grounds of many of the Institutions which I visited in my late tour. 
It is to be regretted that at our Southern Institutions it is so often the 
case that little or no attention is paid to ornamentation. Whether this 
neglect is due to want of taste, or want of means, the fact is still to be 
deplored. It may not appear to be a matter of much importance in the 
estimation of many. Yet it seems to me that if any one will but reflect 
a little upon the subject, they will agree with me, that where the build- 
ings of an Institution of learning are always kept clean and neat, and 
everything wears an appearance of brightness and cheerfulness ; where 
the campus is tastefully laid out in walks and grass-plots, and planted 
with forest and other trees, and evergreens ; well-enclosed so as to ex- 
clude cattle and hogs; the Library kept handsomely furnished with 
books in all departments of Literature and Science, and these books 
tastefully arranged in beautiful alcoves, or shelves reaching up to the 
ceiling, and rendered accessible by light iron flights of steps ascending 
to successive galleries all around the room ; every arched case surmount- 
ed by a portrait of some eminent citizen of the State, and the repre- 
sentative ofticials of the University, who have served its interests from 
time to time ; the Lecture and Recitation Rooms furnished with conve- 
nient seats, and handsome desks ; having the walls ornamented with fine 
works of art appropriate to the illustration of each peculiar department ; 
and, besides, large collections of specimens in all the fine arts; museums of 
Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, Zoology, Physiology, Technology, Agricul- 
ture, Chemistry and Physics ; collections of all rare and curious specimens 
of everything calculated to illustrate the manners and customs of society, 
ancient and modern; where all this receives the attention which I every- 
where observed to be bestowed upon it in the places I visited, I repeat that 
I cannot but think that these matters of ornamentation are calculated to 
exert a powerful influence, not only upon strangers and visitors, but also 
upon students, both morally and intellectually. They delight visitors ; 
they go away impressed with the idea that the University is the true 
home of Science and Learning, and refined taste ; and these very appli- 
ances constitute a most important means of actually educating the youth 
who resort to this fountain of Literature and Science, in the highest de- 



[41] 

partments of Esthetic culture and refinement. Such things go far to 
the abolishing the barbarous vandalism which seems to exist in many, 
prompting them to the disfiguring of the walls with unseemly pencil- 
lings, &c., &c. 

That our campus and our buildings present a spectacle so little in ac- 
cord with the foregoing is not a reflection upon our Executive Commit- 
tee, and Board of Trustees, at all, but I feel that the subject deserves 
the attention of our Board, and that whenever we shall be put in posses- 
sion and control of a sufficiency of pecuniary means we shall expend 
largely in the ornamentation of the grounds and buildings, and espe- 
cially the Lecture and Recitation rooms, and offices of the University. 
Even now it does seem as though we might begin the work of adorning 
and beautifying our campus. Its natural beauty is very great, and aff^ords 
a fine opportunity for the indulgence of a taste for ornamentation. We 
might lay out a thirty feet carriage-way around the circle on the inside, 
roads leading from building to building, regularly might be laid out ; the 
grass re-set, and cattle kept out ; the gates kept locked, and foot-passen- 
gers accommodated with stiles or blocks to cross the fences ; let addi- 
tional trees be set out in those parts where there are none, and this taken 
in connection with the repairs now going on, would soon render Univer- 
sity Place a most beautiful and attractive spot to all visitors ; and the 
students would become so strongly attached to the place and to the Uni- 
versity, as to kindle within them a just and manly pride in preserving, 
instead of mutilating, disfiguring, and destroying the walls and fixtures. 

IV. — ARRANGEMENTS FOR PRESERVING HEALTH. 

It is Within the memory of many now living, that some thirty years 
since, a great enthusiasm pervaded the public mind, both North and 
South, on the subject of combining manual labor with study, in our 
Colleges, and High Schools, and it is equally well known that the ex- 
periments in that direction, resulted in almost every instance, in utter 
failure. I know of no such Institution in the South, and the only case 
of the kind in the North, known to me, is that of Cornell University. 
The feature, however, has not been long enough in existence there to 
test its practicability. It is also j)urely voluntary ; and hence is partial 
only in the good, if any is to result from it. The facts are against it 
thus far, since only sixty students are engaging in manual labor, and of 
course, this is just what might be expected in a voluntary system. It 
remains to be seen what the ultimate result will be. There were two 
objects aimed at in the first establishment of these schools, viz : Econ- 
omy and Health — the student paying part of his expenses in labor, and 
the exercise secured in this way, invigorating the physical powers. The 
failure of the system resulted in the abandonment of the experiment, 
but the minds of practical Educators were still employed in devising 
some means whereby at least the health of students, might be promoted 
by the regular exercise of the body. The problem to be solved was to 
avoid the evils and secure the advantages of the manual labor system, 
and the result of the reflections of those deeply interested in the matter, 
was the adoption of the plan of Gymnastic Exercises. A building is 
erected, furnished with all the needful instruments, and fixtures, to 
practise the various performances, whereby the body, in all its depart- 
6 



[42] 

ments, is brought into exercise, and every portion of it, is invigorated. 
The Institution which has the credit of introducing the Gymnasium 
into the curriculum of College Education in this country, is Amherst 
College, Mass. The example set there has been imitated at Yale and 
Princeton, and it is growing in favor with other Colleges. The Depart- 
ment of Hygiene and Physical Education constitutes a distinct Profes- 
sorship in Amherst College, and this Chair is filled by Dr. Edward 
Hitchcock, an educated and accomplished physician, the son of the em- 
inent Dr. Hitchcock, former President of Amherst College, and dis- 
•tinguished in the Department of Geology. Dr. H. is enthusiastic in his 
Professorship, and from him I derived much information of great value 
in regard to this subject. Nothing that I saw in my travels impressed 
me more favorably than did the Amherst Gymnasium and its results. 
It * ' has been in successful operation for the past seven years, and its 
good effects have surpassed the most sanguine expectations of its projec- 
tors and friends.'' It constitutes, as before stated, a regular Depart- 
ment in the College, and all students who matriculate are required to 
take part in the Gymnastic Exercises. On four days in the week, each 
class meets the Professor, and spends half an hour in practising the 
Gymnastics. * 'A physical examination is made of every student on his 
entrance into College ;" this examination is repeated twice a year, and 
the statistics are posted up in the building which is called the Gym- 
nasium, for reference. Besides this compulsory exercise on the four 
regular days when the classes are exercised, the Gymnasium is open to 
every student every day for voluntary practice. A comparison of the 
vital statistics of the students which are taken in the Freshman year, 
with those taken in their Senior year, exhibits the development of each 
in weight, hight, girth of chest, girth of arm, girth of fore-arm, and 
strength. So also, the comparative view of the condition of the health 
of the students, before an J since the organization of this system, and 
the erection of the Gymnasium, illustrates clearly the important ad- 
vantages of the Department, as a means of preserving the health of the 
students. Its superiority over field labor is simply that this sort of ex- 
ercise cannot be interrupted by bad weather, while all out-door employ- 
ment must be frequently suspended by the inclemency of the seasons. 
It may be added that the objection alleged against in-door exercise upon 
the ground that the student is prevented from receiving the beneficial 
effects of exercise in a pure open atmosphere is met by the statement 
that the Gymnasium is properly ventilated. 

That something of this kind is needed here cannot for a moment be 
doubted. Our young men take very little exercise beyond walki.ig from 
the campus to Oxford and back. There are frequent cases of sickness 
among them which could be traced in many instances to the fact that 
they eat heartily, and then fail to exercise the body sufiiciently to pro- 
mote digestion. The loss of health has compelled many of our best 
students to withdraw from the University before the close of the session, 
completely worked down by study, because the lassitude engendered by 
close and long-continued application to study disinclines them to active 
physical effort; and besides there is no opportunity of attractive exer- 
cise, and no compulsory process to operate upon them. The advantages 
of this system, are so manifestly important and valuable to a large body 



[ 43 ] 

of students assembled for the prosecution of study, that nothing would 
excuse the authorities from the establishment of it here save obstacles 
that could not be surmounted. One of the first duties then that will be 
incumbent on us as Educators will be the organization of a Gymnasium 
for the preservation of the health of our students, at the earliest possible 
period. 

V. — SYSTEMS OF INSTRUCTION. 

The undersigned has for some years past been convinced that some 
modification of the system adopted at this University as well as many 
others, is rendered necessary, not simply in compliance with popular de- 
mand, but on account of the fact that we are attempting too much. The 
College has its own special sphere, and its own peculiar function, and 
the University has another and a very different sphere and function. 
Perhaps it may be said that the material difierence between the two sys- 
tems exists in the fact that the latter is the extension and more full de- 
velopment of every part of the former, and that the former is the pre- 
paratory process whereby a student may profitably enter upon the latter, 
and without this preliminary training the advantages of the latter cannot 
be properly and fully realized. Notwithstanding this recognized truth, 
however, the two names are indiscriminately applied to both forms oif 
Educational Institutions. It may be that this has arisen, in part at 
least, from the fact that our people are really in a transition state as to 
Education, and that they are naturally impatient of delay. Two errors 
have crept into the public "mind on this subject. The first is that the 
College is not doing the work that the public desires, and which must be 
done ; that it is only preparing young men for the J^rofessions, and is 
doing nothing for the education of a class of practical business men. 
Under this erroneous view the clamor for Industrial Schools arose, and 
it was demanded that all the old systems should give way to a new plan 
of operations, whereby men could be trained for Life's actual work. 
Now, without any disposition to underrate this demand, it may be ob- 
served, that when the declaration is made so broadly, that 'the College is 
failing to meet public expectation,' a part of the public is taken for the 
whole. For while there is a demand, and one, too, that deserves to be 
respected, for a different sort of education, it is nevertheless true, that 
this demand proceeds from only one portion of the public, and that the 
state of facts shows that there is a demand, proceeding from another,- 
and equally respectable portion of the public, which decides that they are 
satisfied with the work of the College when it is allowed to perform its 
legitimate work. It is a fact that in the most unrestricted forms of Ed- 
ucational Institutions, where there are no compulsory courses there is 
always a very large proportion of the students pursuing the same course 
precisely that is prescribed in the close College system. So that the 
evidence thus furnished of the existence of the demand for a classical 
and mathematical training, shows that the whole public is not yet pre- 
pared to abolish that system entirely, but that a large and respectable 
portion of the people demands that its wishes should be consulted, and 
met, as well as the wishes of that part of the people who cry out for a 
change so radical as some contemplate. The truth is, that the wishes of 
all parties may be easily met, and ought to be provided for, but not in 
the way thus indicated, — by stubbornly insisting upon the adoption of 



[44] 

either plan to the exclusion of the other. From the urgency of the cry 
for practical Education, so-called, the friends of the close College sys- 
tem fell into another error which has operated disastrously upon the cause 
of solid education and sound learning. ' It was deemed necessary to en- 
deavor to satisfy the wishes of all, and thus, holding on to the old cur- 
riculum in vogue for centuries, they continued to introduce into the 
same space of four years, all the Sciences that were from time to tim« 
developed into systems, until they so over-crowded the course as to make 
the scholarship of the very best students purely a smattering. So, on 
the other hand, when Scientific Schools were organized, for the same 
reason, viz : to meet what was deemed a demand, they undertook to 
teach what the College should teach, and the result is, that both systems 
have failed to meet public expectation. It must appear, to any compe- 
tent mind, perfectly absurd to undertake to crowd into four years one 
hundred per cent, additional matter of instruction to what was included 
in the same length of time a half century ago, when more finished 
scholars, with better trained minds, and when abler men in every de- 
partment of human effort, were turned out with that limited course, 
than are now sent forth from our Colleges, with all the additions which 
have been made to the curriculum. 

There is a remedy for this evil ; it is the principle of division of la- 
bor, applied to the Institutions of Learning. Confine the College to its 
legimate function, viz : • the essential discipline of the mind, by the daily 
compulsory drilling of the student in the number of really important 
studies that can be well mastered in the four years' course ; then let the 
University course in all branches be thrown open to these well- trained 
minds to be pursue'd to any extent that may be desired. This is the 
true theory of the Higher Education. 

I am not unconscious that we have to meet another demand, and I am 
quite in favor of providing for that also, viz : that of the class of our 
young men who cannot spend so much time in the prosecution of mere 
scholastic training, but who are in pursuit of such an education as 
shall fit them in the shortest possible time for a special sphere of effort. 
We must meet this call also, while, at the same time, loyalty to the true 
cause of Education requires us to maintain that in order to the comple- 
tion of the entire process of training, developing, invigorating and ren- 
dering independent the mental fanulties, the Collegiate course is indis- 
pensable. The position assumed is not that we would compel any one 
to enter the regular College, but we would provide, in all systems, for 
the demand that does most unquestionably exist, for the College course, 
so that all who wish may pursue it. 

The result of my observations during my summer tour, on the subject 
of plans, and systems of instruction, is that there arc two schemes of 
which a selection may be made, besides the real University system. 

The first of these is that which is now in successful operation at the 
University of Michigan. There are three main or general Departments, 
viz : 1. The Department of Science, Literature, and the Arts ; 2. The 
Department of Law ; 3. The Department of Medicine and Surgery. 
But included under the first Head, are no less than six distinct courses 
of study, as follows: 1. The Classical Course; 2. The Latin and 
Scientific; 3. The Scientific Course; 4. The Course in Civil Engi- 



[45] 

neering; 5. The Course in Mining Engineering; 6. The Course m 
Mechanical Engineering. Besides all these courses they provide amply 
for a regular course of instruction in Analytical Chemistry. 

In the first of these six courses, a student on entering is required to 
take all the studies usually pursued in order to attaining the degree of 
B. A. He need not take the course unless he so elect ; but it is pro- 
vided for him if he desire it, and it is necessary to the degree. In the 
second of these courses, Greek is omitted and Modern Languages sub- 
stituted ; In the third both Greek and Latin are omitted, and only 
Science and Modern Languages are pursued ; In addition, if any stu- 
dent wishes, he may pursue selected studies in any of these Departments, 
for such a length of time as he may choose, but cannot attain a degree. 
The Professional Schools of Law and Medicine are thoroughly furnished 
with all that is necessary to a complete course in each of the Depart- 
ments, and each is manned with four Professors, and largely patronized. 

To carry out all these plans, and to make them practically effective in 
instruction, they have a Faculty consisting of four in each of the Pro- 
fessional Schools, and about twenty Professors in the Schools of Science, 
Literature, and the Arts. To meet the expenses necessary to sustain so 
large a Faculty of instruction the University possesses a very large income 
from investments, and funds in the State Treasury. This enables them 
also to furnish the instruction desired at a merely nominal price. The 
second plan which is adopted by some of the Institutions is to combine 
the compulsory and the elective systems together: For example : Re- 
quire the students to take all the studies of the Freshman Class only, as 
at Harvard ; or all the studies of both Freshman and Sophomore years, 
as at Princeton, N. J., after which allow some election or option of the 
Junior studies, and still more in the Senior course. The reason why this 
option is allowed at an earlier period at Harvard than at Princeton, is be- 
cause the character of the Schools and Academies in Massachusetts is 
so superior as that by the time a student passes through Iheir course, he 
has acquired so much of the classical course that he can complete at 
Harvard, in the Freshman Class, the usual amount required at other 
Colleges during their entire course. The schools in New Jersey not be- 
ing of altogether so fine a quality, there is a necessity for an additional 
year in College. 

In undertaking to recommend a system for our adoption, should we 
re-model this Institution, many things are to be taken into the account, 
so as to come to a right decision. 

And first, I remark, that the name * ' University" applied to our Insti- 
tution is unquestionably a misnomer under present circumstances. The 
Literary and Scientific Department is really only a College. We have 
but a single feature that gives us a claim to the name of a University, 
and that is, the Professional School connected with it. Our Law School, 
too, although doing its important work, with such enthusiastic thorough- 
ness, and success, under its able and distinguished Professor, is singu- 
larly out of keeping with the other Departments, and is itself trammelled 
and circumscribed by the inadequate resources for its expansion and 
complete equipment. By a comparison of this School with other Law 
Schools, it will be seen that its results clearly indicate that it only re- 
quires aid to tak© rank with the best. 



[46] 

At the University of Michigan they have four Law Professors, and 
three hundred and forty-two students. At Harvard College the Law 
Faculty consists of three Professors, and they have one hundred and 
thirty-eight students. At the University of Virginia, . they have two 
Professors, and one hundred and nine students. At Cumberland Uni- 
versity, Lebanon, Tenn. , they have three Professors, and seventy-seven 
students. At Yale College they have one Professor, and seventeen stu- 
dents. We have but one Professor in our Law School, and we had 
during last session twenty-six students. So that upon a full view of the 
subject, and with even this cursory and limited field of comparison and 
observation it is demonstrated that our Law School, struggling with ad- 
verse circumstances, has done and is still doing as well as could be done 
under the circumstances, and relatively as well as others, and better than 
the majority. We argue from its past success under such difficulty that 
were it enlarged and expanded, and furnished with the means and ap- 
pliances needed to the successful prosecution of its work, no Law School 
in the South would compete with it. It is hoped that just so soon as 
the State is re-habilitated, and restored to its place, and put in possession 
of its resources, one object of the Board of Trustees should be to place 
the Law School in control of the means of advancing to that lofty posi- 
tion among similar Institutions, to which a great University, such as we 
ought to be, aspiresj and which the present energetic Professor has de- 
served by past services, to have it elevated. 

Besides this Department, however, I repeat, we have no other feature 
of a University as yet fully organized. We have attempted to inaugu- 
rate Special Schools, and have for some years been giving instruction to 
Students in Analytical Chemistry, and in a popular course of Natural 
Philosophy, and we have had partial-course students from the very be- 
ginning of the career of the University, and a course of instruction has 
been given in Civil Engineering. But it cannot be said that this Insti- 
tution is a University in any proper sense of the word, except that it has, 
in addition to the regular College course, a Law Department. The rea- 
son is, not that we are opposed to such an organization ; we are anxious 
to see it in operation ; but there are two difficulties in the way as we con- 
sider the matter : 

1. The lamentable want of some adequate system of Preparatory 
training in High Schools, or Academies, throughout the State, which 
renders it necessary that the Institution should be converted into a drill- 
ing school, this being no part of the business of a University. 

2. Another difficulty is the one already mentioned, that we are striv- 
ing to furnish to the country all the varied departments of instruction, 
and all the Sciences, new and old, that are embraced in the best equip- 
ped Universities. I say we are striving to do this, and the result, as 
above stated, is that we find it an ineffectual effort, save in regard to the 
single Professional School of Law, and even that is greatly trammelled. 
Let us review the course briefly to show the condition of matters as they 
now stand. 

We are holding on to the close College system, as it is right we should, 
for purposes of mental training, and because there is a constant and 
wholesome demand for it. Scientific men themselves being judges, it is 
indispensable in a course of liberal education. We also undertake to 



[47] 

give instruction in Modern Languages ; and this too is necessary if we 
would not lose caste, lose students, and tail in our duty as an Institution 
of Learning. We cannot if we would, and we would not if we could, 
ignore the demand for Scientific Education, and hence we provide for 
instruction in all those subjects pertaining to the broad domain of Natu- 
ral, Moral and Intellectual Science. Now we aim to do all this in four 
fleeting years of human life. It is required of us, and we have accepted 
the task, and pledge ourselves to do our best towards its execution with 
the time and means at our disposal. But we at the same time do not 
conceal the fact, that all we can do is but the outline of an education. 
This is true not of this University only, but equally true of all Institu- 
tions, limited, as we are, in time, means, and laborers. 

VI. — PROPOSED REMEDY FOR THE DEFECTS OF THE SYSTEM. 

I would lay before your honorable body two distinct schemes for your 
consideration, and shall only premise the statement that I greatly prefer 
the first, which is the system adopted at the University of Michigan. I 
need not repeat it, as it is described to you in this Report on pages 44, 
45 and 46. The argument in favor of that system is that it is the only 
complete and effective plan by which the close College and the Univer- 
sity system can be combined. There all demands are met, and all tastes 
and wishes are gratified, and I am unable to see the authority by which 
it should be assumed that one demand of the public should be provided 
for, and not another, or why the wishes of one class of the community 
should be met in preference to those of another class equally deserving 
of attention, and at least as well qualified to judge of the comparative 
merits of different plans. We only plead for freedom of choice, and 
when we advocate the retention of the close College in the general plan, 
we do not design that it shall be compulsory upon all, but that it shall 
be in readiness for all who desire it. 

This is the plan upon which I should rejoice to see the University of 
Mississippi modeled. I know it presupposes the possession of means, to 
place our University upon the same elevation of prosperity which the 
University of Michigan has attained. But all Institutions must have a 
minority in their career, and must grow by degrees. The University of 
Michigan had but ninety Students fourteen years ago ; but they did 
thorough work with these, and continually added to the number of De- 
partments of Instruction, and the means of improvement, and the fa- 
cilities for acquiring an education in every Department, until the at- 
tractions became great enough to bring to their Halls, in the course of a 
few years, twelve hundred Students in all the schools. As the number 
of Students increased, they increased the number of Instructors, and 
now they have a double corps of Teachers in all the Departments of 
Science, Literature, and the Arts — two in Latin, two in Greek, two in 
Mathematics, two in Modern Languages, and two in Chemistry ; two in 
Engineering. Having double work to perform, they doubled the force. 
Then the scheme is the same here as there only in extent. We have 
the same number of subjects, but not so many teachers. If you will 
examine the system there, you will find but thirteen principal Professors, 
and with these, the whole system may be organized, with the design to 
enlarge the Corps whenever the demand may justify it. That we need 



[48] 

more money to do this, may be true just now, but it is confidently be- 
lieved that the interest on the amount now to the credit of the Univer- 
sity in the State Treasury, together with the annual appropriation of 
twenty thousand dollars, made by the Legislature at its last meeting, 
and the tuition fees realized, even now, with the ordinary patronage of 
the University will be amply sufficient to organize on the plan described 
above, with one Professor in each Department, and that, when increased 
patronage may call for additional Professors, the increase of tuition fees^ 
will meet their salaries, or the Legislature will extend additional aid. 
There is one topic which should be brought to view in this connection, 
to which reference has been made on a former occasion. It would go 
far toward a comfortable accomplishment of our scheme for the enlarge- 
ment of the University system, coald the Legislature be induced to es- 
tablish the College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, at this place, 
in connection with the University, when Congress shall have granted the 
public lands, to the State, for that purpose. This disposition has been 
made of these lands in many of the States ; in Connecticut, they have 
been given to Sheffield Scientific School, in connection with Yale Col- 
lege ; in New York, they have been given, in part at least, to Cornell 
University ; and in Rhode Island, to Brown University ; and in New 
Hampshire, to Dartmouth College. There is every consideration to in- 
duce the Legislature to adopt the same plan in disposing of the proceeds 
of these lands, by turning them over to this University, whenever the 
lands are placed under the control of this State. The arguments will 
suggest themselves to the Trustees, and I content myself with recalling 
the subject to your minds, and urging every member of the Board to 
immediate and persistent action in putting into operation every legiti- 
mate influence within their power to bring about an end every way so 
desirable. 

2d. The other plan is one which, to some extent, accomplishes the 
combination of the University, or elective scheme, with the close Col- 
lege curriculum, and has been adopted in Harvard University, Prince- 
ton College, and some others. It consists in making the close system 
obligatory upon the Student who aims at the degree of A. B., only to a 
certain point in the course. At Harvard, the point is reached at the 
close of the Freshman, or first year of the course ; while at Princeton, 
it is attained only after the Sophomore, or second year. I do not feel 
fully satisfied with either of these plans as a system to be adopted here, 
because, such is the low standard of Preparatory Education in this State, 
that, even two years of our course would not accomplish the amount of 
disciplinary training so necessary to a successful prosecution of the 
higher Departments. Still, I will proceed to lay before the Board the 
plan in its main features, as it is adopted at Princeton College. 

The Freshman Class pursues the usual course in regular order, in the 
Classical Languages, in Mathematics, and in Belles Lettres and Elocu- 
tion. The Sophomore Class, in addition to the foregoing, also takes 
Natural History, and one of the Modern Languages, French or Ger- 
man. No study is omitted during these two years, if the Student de- 
sires the degree of B. A. At this point, the Elective system is intro- 
duced, and while the studies of Mechanics, Natural Philosophy, and 
Astronomy, with Logic, Pschology and Metaphysics, Physical Geogra- 



[ 49 ] 

phy and Geology, Rhetoric and English Language, and the Relations 
of Science and Religion, are required 0/ all, there are four following 
studies of which the Student may select two only, at his pleasure, viz : 
Higher Mathematics, Greek, Latin, Modern Languages, to each of 
which an equal amount of time is given. 

In the Senior Class, the following are required of the Students, viz : 

Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, and Astronomy, Moral Philosophy, 
Political Economy, English Language and Literature, Relations of 
Science and Religion ; and then from the following studies, he may 
select so many as will occupy him six hours per week, appropriating one 
hour per week to each, viz : JS^atural Philosophy and Astronomy, Or- 
ganic and Applied Chemistry, History of Philosophy, Modern History, 
Special course of Political Science, Greek and Greek Literature, Latin 
and the Science of Language, and two Modern Languages. 

The above is a fair description of this second plan, by which the com- 
pulsory and elective systems are combined. 

The only remaining scheme for consideration is the entirely open 
system in operation at the University of Virginia. I need not say any- 
thing on this plan, as it is fully known to all. My objection to it is that 
it is a plan not adapted, in my judgment, for the extremely youthful 
Students, (at the age of sixteen,) to whom it is thrown open. I have 
no objection to the system as appropriate to Students of matured minds 
and of a more advanced age. 

I have sufficiently indicated my preference as to the foregoing plans, 
in a reorganization of this Institution. Whenever the Board shall have 
made a selection of a plan, it will then be time enough to submit to 
your consideration the necessary minute details. 

I desire, in conclusion, to express my grateful acknowledgements to 
the Board for the privilege of serving the University in the mission re- 
cently performed by me. It was to me "a labor of love;" and, assidu- 
ously as I devoted myself to its discharge, I derived from it very great 
enjoyment, as it was congenial with my taste. I endeavored to per- 
form the task assigned me honestly, and with an ever-present sense of 
my responsibility, and trusting that on a review of the results of my 
mission, it may be found that it has not been altogether fruitless of bene- 
fit to the University, I close with the utterance of my earnest wishes for 
the largest prosperity of the Institution over whose interests you preside. 

Respectfully submitted, 

JNO. N. AVADDEL, 
Chancellor of the University of Miss. 



A.PPEI3IX: ISO. s 



To the Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi: — 

As one of the committee to consider the subject of changes in the 
course of study in the University, I beg leave to say, that I have had 
the matter under consideration, and regret that circumstances place it 
out of my power to attend your meeting. I will submit some sugges- 
tions, with your permission, in part discharge of my duty. 

The public mind, both in Europe and in this country, is earnestly 
directed to the "New Education," and the conviction is fast gaining 
ground that some thorough change in the existing course is needed to 
meet the requirements of the day. It was a remark of Milton 
that ''he considered, that to be a complete and generous education 
which fitted a man to perform skillfully and magnanimously all the du- 
ties of the citizen, both private and public, in peace and in war." Our 
system of education falls far below this standard. The most helpless 
member of society frequently is the young man who has just graduated 
with high academic honors ; and this for the reason that his education 
has not been directed to practical pursuits. So true is this, even in 
England, that one of their late writers remarks, that if an Oxford grad- 
uate should go to Australia, and fail to find employment as a teacher, 
the oiily other occupation he would be fitted for, would be breaking 
rocks for MacAdamizing roads. 

Now I do not mean to deny that classical learning has its uses. What 
I mean to say is, that the education at the South, at this time, ought to 
be thoroughly practical in its most enlarged sense. We do not want 
painters, or sculptors, or poets, so much as we want artisans, mechanics, 
and engineers. We do not want orators or authors so much as we want 
practical thinkers and practical workers. Our education should be at 
once practical and scientific, covering the whole ground of polytechnic 
instruction and physical development of our natural resources. We 
must give prominence and preference to science in its application to 
agriculture, commerce, manufactures, civil and mechanical engineering 
and mining, and the subjects connected with these. 

Attention must be turned to all the various departments of industry, 
so as to give employment to the whole people, and enable them to capi- 
talize their earnings. Diversify pursuits, so that Southern industry may 
supply every Southern want, and retain the wealth which we produce, 
in our own borders. The great defect in our former system of economy 
was, that our energies were directed entirely to agriculture. Diversity 
of pursuits, division of labor, and multiplication of products, will lead 
to very different results. Wealth may be kept at home to enrich every 
class of the population, instead of being sent abroad to enrich other com- 
munities. 

To secure this end, we must begin at the beginning the education of 
the young. Prof. Huxley, one of the most earnest and able of the ad- 
vocates of the new education, says we must commence with the dawning 



[51] 

intellect of childhood — pursue it through the primary schools, through 
the academies, and colleges, and place the crown upon it, in the Uni- 
versities. 

The Paris Exhibition, of 1867, brought into active competition the 
industry of almost all civilized nations, and its results demonstrated the 
beneficial efi^ects of this kind of education. 

England had maintained for a long time an almost unchallenged su- 
premacy in the manufacture of cotton. Here follows what one of her 
practical scientific men, who attended the Exhibition, in the character 
of a Keporter, says on that subject : " Few practical and reflective ob- 
servers will glance around these competitive displays of industrial ability, 
in cotton manufacture, without feeling that however long or largely 
England may retain the leadership, anything like our exclusive empire, 
or undisputed sway in the cotton trade, is no longer possible. The su- 
perior education of continental workmen in certain branches, or the bet- 
ter position of foreign merchants in regard to certain articles, reduces us 
to a secondary position in some respects. If in all countries as excel- 
lent a system of public education prevailed as in Switzerland, our posi- 
tion would soon be menaced in many more directions. 

These exhibitions of the rapidly developing powers of so many rival 
centres of production must quicken our efibrts by education, by political 
discussions, by co-operative interests, by every means in our power, to 
bring every latent energy of our people to bear in maintaining our posi- 
tion. While we are hovering around the question of education, and 
hesitating over the petty interest of parties in regard to it, the industrial 
sceptre is imperceptibly slipping away from us, and with practical ob- 
tuseness we shall refuse to see it, till the fact is accomplished, and it is 
too late to mend." 

The testimony of Mr. Scott Russell, another Reporter at the Exhibi- 
tion, on a difierent branch, is no less explicit. He says, ''in all depart- 
ments of French engineering, education and science are everywhere visi- 
ble ; and if it be required of me to account for the greater rapidity of 
progress of the French in matters of engineering, during the last ten 
years, I can see no other reason for it, than their superior organization 
for technical education, as part of which they have as much as possible of 
practical knowledge communicated to them, in addition to their scien- 
tific attainments. I do not think our nation inferior to theirs in techni- 
cal ability, personal energy, or in the skilful use of our hands ; it is only 
in the want of organized education, that I can indicate any cause of our 
inferiority, or any remedy for it." In the various manufactures of iron 
and steel, and the infinite purposes to which they are applied, the same 
superiority of trained and educated skill was demonstrated. So much 
was this the the case, that "an Iron and Steel Institute for Great 
Britain," has been set on foot, which has for its object the advancement 
of a chemical, geological, and accurate knowledge of these prime factors 
in commercial pre-eminence. 

A writer in the Edinburgh Review, April, 1869, says : " The most 
momentous of all lessons is, that as a manufacturing nation our contin- 
ued progress depends upon the special education of our operatives, in the 
principles and science of their several trades." 

All this is quite as applicable to our own South, as to the people of 



[ 52 ] 

whom it was written. If to all our acknowledged and unrivalled physi- 
cal advantages, the South should add the so much desired education of 
the right character, our ascendancy in the manufacture, as well as in 
the production of cotton could not be problematical. The vast quan- 
tities, as well as the superior quality of the iron ores and of the coal 
beds of the South, under scientific and educated direction and control, 
would secure equal pre-eminence in these most important aids of pro- 
gress and improvement. Destroy the gold mines of the world, and its 
civilization suffers no shock — strike out iron and its products, and society 
relapses into barbarism. Hence the importance of all education 
which will give the greatest efficiency to the development of these in- 
calculable interests. The hematite iron ore from which the best steel is 
made, is becoming scarce and dear in Europe, and of inferior quality ; 
in the South here, it is abundant. Capital and skill are alone wanting 
to give the same supremacy to the South, in these products as in cotton. 
The Institution which will take the lead, in giving the education which 
will advance these ends, will merit and will win the gratitude of the 
community. 

Old Virginia is doing her share in this work. Her University some 
two years ago, " recognizing the importance of the demand for more de- 
tailed instructions in the facts and laws of nature, and the methods of 
applying these to usefu^, practical purposes," organized two schools of 
instruction devoted especially to science in its applications to the useful 
arts. These constitute its " Department of Industrial Chemistry and 
Civil and Mining Engineering." At its last session, there were about 
50 students in this special department. Gen. Lee has adopted a simi- 
lar course, with some modifications, in Washington College, of which 
he is President. Many of the Northern Institutions are making changes 
of a similar character, and more than one English Association is en- 
gaged in framing plans for the same purpose. 

In conclusion, I think, the change in our University should be grad- 
ual, not sudden and abrupt. If the funds will warrant it, I should 
favor the erection of two special schools, similar to the two in the Uni- 
versity of Virginia — and engage competent Professors for them. At 
the end of the Sophomore year, I would let each student elect his sub- 
sequent course, and confer degrees according to proficiency, to such as 
take the special course. Any required change in the present Curricu- 
lum, can be readily adjusted to meet the system in the special schools. 
Graduates of the regular course, could at pleasure, remain and go 
through the special course. 

I have thus set down the result of my researches and reflection on 
this subject, and regret that the delicate health of a member of my 
family, will prevent my attending your session. 

Very respectfully yours, 

ALEX. M. CLAYTON. 

Yellow Sulphur Springs, Va. , 
September 3, 1869. 



.^PPETSTDIX ISO. 2—JS^. 

■ M ♦ M 

PROF. E. W. HILGARD'S REPORT TO THE CHANCELLOR. 



To the CJiancellor of the University of Mississippi : — 

Sir : In accordance with the resolution of the Board of Trustees 
on the subject, I herewith submit to you a report on the condition and 
wants of the department under my charge. 

The Junior Class has completed the usual course in Chemistry, some- 
what more fully than usual, in consequence of the transfer back to the 
department of Physics, of a portion of the subjects properly pertaining 
to that department, which for some years past, had been taught in the 
Chemical course. It has thus been possible to treat more fully of the 
subject of Metallurgy in a practical point of view ; but it does not seem 
feasible, under the present arrangement of studies, to accomplish more 
than this, and reach the subject of Organic Chemistry, daily growing 
in practical importance.- 

I have repeatedly called attention to the fact, that so long as Chemis- 
try and Physics begin to be taught in the same collegiate year, the 
Chemical course, must of necessity, be preceded by a course of Phys- 
ics, which, however abbreviated, consumes a large amount of time, 
because the subject is new to the class, and to be understood to the ex- 
tent required for the comprehension of a course of Chemistry, cannot 
be passed over lightly. It thus happens that a large part of Physics is 
really taught twice in the curriculum, to the detriment of the course of 
Chemistry especially, and without a corresponding advantage to general 
instruction. 

It may be suggested that the Chemical course should be abbreviated 
in its details. I confidently assert that, were this done to a greater 
extent than is the case at present, it would utterly fail to fulfil its 
object, either as a means of mental discipline, or as an indispensable 
preliminary to the succeeding courses of Mineralogy and Geology ; and 
would place the department on a footing incompatible with the main- 
tenance, either of its own character, or that of the University course. 
A '' short" course of Chemistry is either a mere list of facts, of little 
use as a means of mental discipline, and too incoherent to be retained 
by the mind of the student, even as useful information, or on the other 
hand, a dry summary of rules or ''principles" which, for want of ap- 
plication to facts, is too little edifying or useful to claim the student's 
attention with a view to either of the objects of the educational course. 
The phenomena of Physics may be construed upon the basis of com- 
paratively a few fundamental facts, and principles logically derived 
therefrom. Chemistry, on the other hand, is almost purely experimen- 
tal, and an experimental course alone, can even interest, none other can 
instriLct, the student. It is only by dint of repetition and varied exam- 



[54] 

pies of application, that the principles of the science can be made in- 
telligible, and impressed upon the mind. 

Could an arrangement of studies be effected by which Chemistry 
would succeed Physics in logical order, i. e. in the succeeding year, 
the same amount of time would be much more profitably employed, 
the course could be made more truly useful, and creditable to the 
University. As a logical necessity, however, the studies of Mineralogy, 
Geology and Botany, would have to be deferred to the year succeeding 
the Chemical course, which could only be done by either lengthening 
the curriculum to five years, or raising the requirements for admission 
into the freshmen course, to those now required for the sophomore class. 
That the crowded state of the curriculum imperatively calls for a 
change of some kind, has long been obvious, in almost every depart- 
ment of instruction ; and has been dwelt upon by you, ever since the 
exercises of the University were resumed. I merely present the matter 
here in its special bearing on my department, to place on record my 
conviction of the impossibility of imparting to the generality of students 
within the space of four years, a satisfactory education, so long as a bet- 
ter state of preparation for admission into the lower classes shall not 
render it possible to make the courses of the higher ones what they 
should be, the finishing touches of a thorough education, as well as to 
the professional student, a full introduction to the study of his pro- 
fession. 

It is hardly necessary to insist on the growing importance of even the 
more recondite portions of the Physical sciences to daily life, and the 
consequent increasing demands, not only for professional instruction, 
but for a certain degree of acquaintance with these departments of 
science, on the part of every educated man. This tendency has led to 
a gradual cutting down of the literary and linguistic studies, until a 
further reduction would result in rendering this part of education purely 
nominal and practically nugatory. Nothing could be more undesirable 
either in the general interest of education, or even in that of the pro- 
gress of the objective sciences themselves. The training and plasticity 
of the mind which constitutes scholarship, can never be attained by a 
one-sided study of the objective world alone ; it is the absence of this 
needful element which lies at the bottom of that ofiensive charlatanism 
and materialism, which characterizes the hangers-on to the wheels of 
progress in the Physical Sciences. 

If, then, more is demanded of the scholar, educated gentlemen, 
mechanics and tradesman of these days, it seems reasonable that at 
least a full complement of time should be allotted to the attainment of 
that education. Instead of this, there is a marked tendency to a high- 
pressure system, and it is a practical necessity to make special provis- 
ion for those desiring to be so instructed. But this can and should be 
done without sacrificing the true principle, or in any manner diminish- 
ing the opportunities and inducements for the attainment of thorough 
education, and true scholarship. It is for the University to maintain 
unflinchingly the proper standard, and while promptly placing itself in the 
front ranks of progress, to stem with all the might of its moral influence, 
the tide of public opinion, which would drift us towards charlatanism 
and, through utilitarianism, to materialism. 



[ 55 ] 

I am led to these remarks in order to avoid a misunderstanding of 
my position in regard to the definite and efficient establishment of 
special schools of science, which I believe to be indispensable with 
reference, not only to my department, but the standing and success of 
the University of Mississippi as an institution of a higher grade than 
a mere " college for boys." Any one who has watched with moderate 
attention and intelligence, the drift of the public mind since the war, 
must be aware of the fact, that the demand for professional instruction, 
especially in the Natural Sciences as bearing upon the arts, has in- 
creased in a remarkable degree ; and no State institution failing to con- 
form to the extent of its ability, to this demand, will henceforth be 
considered as fulfilling its mission. 

It is true that a programme of such schools is now announced in the 
catalogue. But it is also true that the names of the instructors in these 
schools are identical with those in the collegiate department ; and the 
public judging from experience what one man is likely to accomplish in 
a thorough and efficient manner, naturally mistrusts the efficiency of 
the arrangement, and inclines rather to patronize institutions where an 
array of names sufficiently numerous to promise efficiency, is placed 
before them. 

But a single student, (Mr. K. H. Loughridge,) has, during the past 
session, pursued the practical course in the Laboratory. He has, how- 
ever, in the course of a session and a half, become competent for the 
performance of quantitative analyses of soils and marls for the Geologi- 
cal Surveys of Mississippi and Louisiana, and would, for the coming 
session, be equally competent to act as an assistant in the Laboratory. 
Being himself still a student desirous of continuing under my instruction, 
he would in the capacity of assistant, be satisfied with a compensation 
merely sufficient to pay his expenses, with contingent fees from practical 
students. 

It is precisely in this way that European and Northern institutions 
manage, without great expense, to obtain the servicies of a numerous 
and efficient corps of instructors, whom it would otherwise require a 
princely endowment to salary. And it is thus that with us the same 
end could doubtless be secured, and the schools of science rendered 
efficient, popular and practical. The assistants relieve the Professor in 
a measure, from the performance of that kind of routine, and matter- 
of-course work, which to the latter has all the irksomeness of a tread- 
mill, consuming time and energy which should be devoted to this 
study, necessary to keep up with the progress of his science, even 
if he should not himself aid in its advancement by original in- 
vestigation — that test of thoroughness and whetstone of the mind. 
So long as his daily duties bind down the teacher to his desk till his 
energies are exhausted, in vain will the institution that so employs him 
hope for reputation of a higher order. 

To the assistant, on the contrary, the performance of even the 
routine work above referred to is profitable and even interesting, because 
new ; while his own objects, or subjects of study, necessarily bring him 
into that constant contact with his fellow-students which to the roPfessor 
i mplies absolute slavery. 

I therefore respectfully suggest that for the coming course, Mr. Lough- 



[56] 

ridge be insured a compensation sufficient to enable him to remain as 
assistant in the Laboratory ; and that his name be announced as such 
in the annual advertisement. 

I do not think it desirable to make any change as regards fees, etc., 
for the Laboratory course. The professional, earnest student^ will not 
be deterred from pursuing it by the additional charge, while this dif- 
ference is yet sufficient to keep out of it that undesirable class who seek 
in it nothing more than the comparative freedom from control which it 
must ever be presumed safe and necessary to accord to young men who 
have made choice of our occupation for life. 

I suggest that it would greatly add to the respectability and practical 
value of the course to the student, if a definite degree — say that of 
Bachelor of Science— were to be announced as the goal of a three year's 
course in the sciences ; and that in the meantime, the certificates of pro- 
ficiency be given an official form by being enrolled on parchment blanks 
headed with the name of the University, and signed, not only by the 
professors concerned, but also by the Chancellor. It gives me satisfac- 
tion to say that the informal certificates given by me to such of the 
practical class of 1867-8 as desired them, have been the means of pro- 
curing for several of them desirable positions at once. 

The additional furnaces and shelving provided since last year, in the 
Laboratory, have added greatly to order, comfort and facility of ope- 
rations ; the most serious drawback being now, as heretofore, the neces- 
sity of using alcohol as fuel instead of gas, which is becoming more and 
more an indispensable adjunct to Laboratory operations. Many of 
those which are now matters of daily practice in Laboratory instruction, 
cannot be performed at all where gas is wanting ; and the high price of 
alcohol compels a degree of parsimony in its use which, added to its 
want of adaptation, renders its employment doubly irksome. I have 
given, in my last year's report, estimates of the cost of the introduction 
of gas, both into the Laboratory and Main Building recitation rooms, 
and were it possible to afford the outlay, it would he wise economy to 
effect this important improvement at once. 

There exists an urgent necessity for an increase of the Chemical 
library, to which no additions have been made for ten years — an epoch 
momentous in the history of the science, during which its volume has 
nearly doubled, and its ideas and language have undergone a radical 
change, so as to compel a change of text-books all the world over. 
About $250 would suffice to fill the most important deficiencies in 
this regard. 

As for the Senior course in Geology and Natural History, it has been 
most ably and as fully as time would permit, conducted by Dr. Little. 
I sincerely trust that this department, which is still nominally under 
my charge, w^ill be definitively detached and erected into an independent 
chair, or several, whenever circumstances may permit. It is clearly 
impracticable, and would scarcely seem to become an institution bearing 
the name of a University, to retain even in name the connection into 



[57] 

one, of two departments, both of wliich are so extensive, and in both 
of which, few persons nowadays, can pretend to be fully competent to 
teach. Especially is this the case when instead of Geology and Miner- 
alogy alone, the course is (as it obviously should be) made to embrace 
also Botany and Zoology ; there being no reason why the two former 
should be taught to the exclusion of the latter. I have myself, for- 
merly attempted, and Dr. Little has measurably carried out, this expan- 
sion of the course, which a due regard to the requirements of a general 
education clearly demands. But to attach all these departments to a 
single chair, is to place the University on a level with common prepara- 
tory colleges, and is manifestly incompatible in the last degree with the 
demand for special instruction ; for which, in such a case, no professor 
could find the time, and very few the ability. 

In the ultimate development of the University, four professorships 
would barely embrace all the subjects now nominally included in one. 

I cannot conclude without calling your attention to the important 
advantages which the location of the headquarters of the Geological and 
Agricultural Survey at this point, has secured to the institution. 
Not only does the collection of the Survey excite the interest of visitors 
in a high degree — not only does it serve as the basis of instruction in 
the Natural Sciences ; but it renders the University the centre, both of 
instruction to the youth of the country, and a point to which the in- 
quiries of practical men, from all portions of the State are continually 
directed, for information of all kinds. The task of answering such 
letters, about equally divided between Dr. Little and myself, is gradu- 
ally becoming somewhat onerous, and has led me to the frequent use of 
the columns of agricultural journals ; through which, again, the influ- 
ence of the University is extended. This lively and constantly increas-' 
ing demand for the light which science can throw upon the operations 
of daily life, is a strong hint as to what the rising generation will de- 
mand of the State University, apart from the general educational course. 
And I sincerely hope that nothing may interfere to check the develop- 
ment which at no distant time, promises to render the University of 
Mississippi the peer of any institution in this country. 

Respectfully, 

EUG. W. HILGARD, 
Prof, of Chemistry. 

University of Mississippi, June, 1869. 



8 



[58] 
AI»I»E]NX>IX T«?0. 2—13. 



REPORT. 

Department Of latliematics, llDiTersity of lississipi, Jee, 1869. 

To the Hon. the Secretary of the Board of 

Trustees, University of Mississippi. 



The undersigned has the honor of rendering the following report re- 
garding the Department of Mathematics, forthe Academic year 1868-9. 

The Preparatory class had one recitation per day during the year — 
reviewed Arithmetic, and was finally examined upon the Elementary 
Algebra to equatinos^of the 2d degree. 

The Freshman class had one recitation per day. At the Semi- An- 
nual Examination was examined upon Bourdon's Algebra. During the 
second term, completed Legendres' Geometry and something more than 
one-half of Plane Trigonometry. 

The Sophomore class was larger than usual. I deemed it judicious 
to divide the class into two sections and gave them two hours per day 
during the year. At the Semi- Annual Examination the class was ex- 
amined upon Plane Trigonometry, Mensuration and Church's Ana- 
lytical Geometry. At the Annual Examination, upon Church's Differ- 
ential and Integral Calculus and upon Sand Surveying. The class had 
much practice on the field with Levelling and surveying instruments. 

This course in Mathematics is more extended and thorough than is 
usual in classical institutions, but we think it was accomplished without 
detriment to other departments. 

After an experience of upwards of twenty years with large Collegiate 
classes, I have never had those I could commend more highly. 

KespectfuUy submitted, 

C. W. SEAKS, 
Prof, of Mathematics. 

University of Mississippi, 
June2S, 1869. 



^^PJPEl^rDIX IVO. 2—<J< 



-0—0- 



REPORT 

Of the Professor in the Department of Latin and Modern Languages. 

University of Mississippi, ) 
June 1869. j 

Dr. J. N. Waddel, Chancellor: — 

Dear Sir: The following summary exhibits the amount of work 



[ 59 ] 

accomplished in the department of Latin and Modern Languages in 
the several classes : 

The Freshman Class has had 4 recitations a week ; Sophomore class 
has had 4 recitations a week ; Junior class has had 2 recitations a week ; 
Senior class has had 1 recitation a week. 

The Freshman class, in addition to weekly recitations in Latin Com- 
positioD, and constant recitations in the Latin Grammar ; read during 
the first half-session, 1st Books of Livy ; during the second half-session. 
Selections from Odes, Satires and Epistles of Horace. 

The Sophomore class continued the weekly recitation in Arnold's 
Latin Prose Composition, begun in the Freshman year, veviewed the 
Latin Grammar, and read during the first half-session the Permania 
and Agricola of Tacitus ; during second half-session 4 Satires of Juve- 
nal, 1 of Persius. 

The Junior class read during the first half-session, 3 Satires (1st 
3d and 10th) of Juvenal ; and during the second half-session studied 
the Grammar of the French Language. 

The Senior class during the whole year, reviewed the French Gram- 
mar, and every recitation translated selections from Classic French 
Authors into English. 

Respectfully submitted, 

A. J. QUIXCHE. 



REPORT OF THE PROFESSOR OF GREEK. 



The Freshman class have read the usual quantity of Greek, the first 
book of the Anabasis during the first half of the session, and most of 
the Herodotus the second half. The class, as a whole, is inferior to the 
class of last year and perhaps of the year before. This is owing to the 
fact that nearly, or quite, one-half of the class, had no proper qualifica- 
tion for the Freshman, many of them never having studied Greek 
before. 

It would seem that the classical schools of the country are wholly 
insufficient, both in number and competency, to prepare students for 
college. Those members of the class who were prepared for admission 
have made fine progress, and are excellent scholars. The others are 
doing well under the circumstances, except a fevr whose great want of 
preparation will unfit them for a longer membership in the class. 

The Sophomore class have read three books of the Iliad in the first- 
half, and nearly all of Demosthenes in the second half of the session. 
With a very few exceptions this is a class of remarkable excellence. 
The introduction of Hadley's Grammar and editions of the classical 



[60] 

authors containing copious references to it, have, in my judgment, mark- 
ed a new era in the study of Greek. Not only is the language more 
thoroughly, accurately and pleasantly acquired, but because of its su- 
perior arrangement and clear insight into the philosophy of language, 
the student is trained to the more delicate and discriminating process of 
reasoning, one of the chief advantages of the study of language. 

The Juniors have had but two recitations a week, reading the Prome- 
theus and the (Edipus, while the Seniors have had but one, accom- 
plishing the Apology and Crito of Plato. These two classes, while not 
as good, it is believed, as their successors will be, at least those of them 
who may be properly prepared, are better than the classes who have 
preceded them. 

There have been twenty-five students reciting in my department in 
the Preparatory class this session last year there were twenty, and the 
year before twenty-eight. Those of them who came at the beginning 
are prepared for the Freshman, and several who come after Christmas 
will likewise be admitted, while the others with some study during va- 
cation might also make the same class. The students prepared by us 
here are better than those coming from most other schools. 

J. J. WHEAT, Prof. Greek. 
J. N. Waddel, D. D., 

Chancellor, &c. 



.^PPEIVDIX E. 



-0 — 0- 



REPORT 

Of the English Department of the University of Mississippi. 



The Senior class, reciting twice a week, have accomplished Spald- 
ing's History of English Literature, with a brief review. 

The Junior class, reciting three times a week, have completed nearly 
the whole of Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. 

Having one recitation a week, more than has been usually allowed, 
they have accomplished more than any previous class. 

The Sophomore class, reciting twice a week, have completed the 
fourth, the fifth and the sixth part of Fowler's Grammar, comprising 
the Etymological, the Logical and the Syntactical Forms in the English 
Language. 

The Freshman class, reciting three times a week, have completed the 
first, the second and the third parts of Fowler's Grammar, comprising 
the Historic Elements, the Phonetic Elements, and the Orthographical 
Forms in the English Language. 

During the last half of the Term, the class have received, in lieu of 
one recitation, one Lecture a week on Anglo-Saxon History. 



[61] 

The Preparatory class, reciting five times a week, have completed and 
reviewed, during the first half of the Term, Butler's Practical Gram- 
mar. 

The recitations upon the Texts have been accompanied with remarks 
and comments and the doctrines taught by the author compared with 
the teachings of other writers on the same subjects. 

The attendance of the classes, has generally been close and their 
deportment good. Their progress in most cases has been highly credit- 
able. 

Most respectfully, 

J. G. BURNEY, 
Prof, of English Literature. 
To Dr. J. N. Waddel, 
Chanc. Uni'v. 3Iiss. 



« * ^ > » 



.^PPETVDIX TSrO. ^.— F. 



REPORT 

Of the Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, 



University of IVIississippi, ") 
June 18, 1869. J 
Dr. J. N. Waddel, Chancellor:— 

Dear Sir: In compliance with a resolution of the Board of Trustees, 
I have the honor to submit the following statement of the afi^airs of my 
department : 

My instructions with the Senior class began wath the subject of 
Political Economy — Wayland as Text. We were engaged upon this 
during all of the first half-session, and for a few days of the second. 

Constitutional LaAV followed. Used the Constitution of the United 
States as Text — expanding the general subjects by familiar lectures. 
International Law occupied the remainder of the time. This last sub- 
ject was greatly hurried for lack of time. 

The Junior class began with Psychology, which subject occupied all 
of the first half-session — Logic took up the second half. 

It is to be regretted that more time cannot be allowed the important 
subjects of this chair. The only relief, so far as I can see, for the same 
trouble is found, I believe, in all departments — woidd be in abandon- 
ing our present closed curriculum and making each department inde- 
pendent in this regard. 

I must be permitted to express my dissatisfaction with the text-books 
in use in my department. They are exceedingly narrow and imperfect. 
I am not prepared to recommend others in their place at this moment ; 
but trust that I shall be, before the next opening. 



[ 62 ] 

In addition to the above duties, I have conducted the exercises of the 
several college classes in Elocution and English Composition during the 
year. Touching the practical exercises in English, I cannot say that 
the results of my labors have proved satisfactory. There is great defi- 
ciency in this regard among our students. I particularly request that 
my room be fitted up with additional black-boards, in order to facilitate 
practical instructions in this subject. 
I have tbe honor to be. 

Very respectfully, your ob't. sv't. 

F. A. SHOUP, 
Professor, &c. 



.A^ppend-ix IVo. 2 — Gr. 



-0 — 0- 



EXTRACT 

From the Report of the Professor of 

Natural Philosophy and Astronomy. 



In this department, the Junior class, with one daily exercise from the 
16th of September, 1868, to the 16th of June, 1869, has completed 
under my instructions, the Differential and Integral Calculus, Statistics, 
Dynamics, Hydrostatics, Hydrodynamics and Acoustics. 

The Differential and Integral Calculus is not a study belonging pro- 
perly to this department, but on account of the amount of labor falling 
upon the Professor of Mathematics, it has been temporarily attached 
to it. 

The Senior class, with three exercises per week the first session, and 
with four the second, has completed Optics and Astronomy. 

All the subjects of this department are studied analyitically, and are 
extensively developed and illustrated by lectures and experiments. 

For the most part the students have done well, and with very few ex- 
ceptions they have sustained themselves creditably. 

L. C. GARLAND, 

Prof. Nat. Phi. and Astronomy. 



\m 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



028 347 608 fi 



